数字劳动异化问题及对策研究

Research on the Problem of Digital Labor Alienation and Countermeasures

摘要: 数字技术的普及催生了数字劳动这一新型劳动形态。数字劳动在创造巨大经济价值的同时，也使马克思所揭示的劳动异化现象以更隐蔽、更普遍的方式在数字领域复现。本文立足马克思的劳动异化理论框架，对数字劳动的理论基础、异化路径及扬弃对策展开分析。数字劳动被界定为嵌入日常生活、依托数字平台、以数据为核心产品的劳动新形态，其异化呈现出四重新特征：数据商品从劳动产物蜕变为反向规训劳动者的支配力量；算法控制使劳动过程在自由表象下陷入更深层的操控；创造性劳动被降格，导致劳动的意义感趋于虚无；平台中介化则将人的社会关系与情感交往深度商品化。从制度、技术与主体三个层面提出对策，即推进数据产权改革与公平分配机制建设，实现算法透明化与监管范式转型，培育劳动者的数字素养与集体行动能力，以此推动数字劳动从异化走向自由自觉的劳动，使技术真正服务于人的全面发展。

Abstract: The rise of digital labor has brought Marx’s concept of labor alienation back into focus in a more concealed and pervasive form within the digital economy. Based on Marx’s theory, this study systematically examines the alienation of digital labor and proposes corresponding countermeasures. Digital labor is defined as a new form of labor embedded in daily life, reliant on digital platforms, and centered on data as its core product. The study recontextualizes Marx’s fourfold alienation to reveal its contemporary pathways: the alienation of the product, where data commodities exercise reverse discipline over laborers; the alienation of the process, characterized by algorithmic control and “self-driven overwork”; the alienation of species-being, manifested as the degradation and meaninglessness of creative labor; and the alienation of social relations, reflected in the platform-mediated commodification of human emotions and interactions. To transcend these forms of alienation, a systematic approach is required. Institutionally, data property rights reform and fair distribution mechanisms—such as minimum hourly wages for gig workers—should be established. Technologically, algorithmic transparency, multi-stakeholder co-governance, and public digital infrastructure are necessary. Subjectively, cultivating digital literacy and supporting the collective organizing capacity of digital workers are essential. In conclusion, overcoming digital labor alienation demands the coordinated interaction of institutional reform, technological regulation, and subjective awakening, so that digital labor can become a free and conscious human activity and technology can truly serve human development.