《道德经》中“无为而治”思想的实践与当代价值

The Practice and Contemporary Value of the Thought of “Governing by Non-Action” in the Tao Te Ching

摘要: “无为而治”是《道德经》的核心治理思想，以“道法自然”为哲学根基，强调顺应规律、不妄为、不扰民，主张简约治理、以民为本、德化天下、崇尚和平。本文系统阐释其顺应自然、简化规制、不与民争利、以德化人、反对战争等内涵，梳理汉初“文景之治”等历史实践，揭示该思想在中国传统政治中的传承与东亚文化圈的影响。立足当代治理场景，文章从有限政府、市场经济、社会共治、个人修身、全球和平与生态文明等维度，挖掘“无为而治”的现代价值，指出其并非消极无为，而是遵循规律、精准有为的治理智慧，对推进国家治理现代化、传承中华优秀传统文化具有重要理论与现实意义。

Abstract: “Governing by non-action” is the core governance thought in the Tao Te Ching, based on the philosophy of “following the way of nature”. It emphasizes following the laws, refraining from overreaching and disturbing the people, and advocates simple governance, putting people first, moralizing the world, and advocating peace. This article systematically expounds its connotations of following nature, simplifying regulations, not competing with the people for profit, moralizing people, and opposing war. It also reviews historical practices such as the “Wenjing Governance” in the early Han Dynasty, revealing the inheritance of this thought in traditional Chinese politics and its influence in the East Asian cultural circle. Based on the contemporary governance context, the article explores the modern value of “governing by non-action” from the dimensions of limited government, market economy, social co-governance, personal self-cultivation, global peace, and ecological civilization. It points out that this thought is not passive inaction but a governance wisdom of following the laws and acting precisely, which has significant theoretical and practical significance for promoting the modernization of national governance and inheriting excellent traditional Chinese culture.