焦虑的多维解析：概念界定、影响机制与积极干预策略的系统综述

A Multidimensional Analysis of Anxiety: A Systematic Review of Conceptualization, Mechanisms, and Positive Intervention Strategies

摘要: 随着焦虑障碍在全球范围内的发病率持续上升，其对个体生理、心理及社会功能的广泛影响已成为公共心理健康的重要议题。本文系统梳理了焦虑的概念界定、影响机制及干预策略，旨在构建“定义–机制–干预”的整合性研究框架。从临床心理学与积极心理学双重视角出发，厘清“正常焦虑”与“病理性焦虑”的边界，并介绍焦虑的主要分类方式；深入分析焦虑在神经生理、认知情绪及社会功能层面的多维影响机制。最后，综述当前主流的干预策略，同时比较其适用场景与干预效果。本文提出未来研究应加强焦虑的客观生理指标探索、跨文化机制比较及干预策略的个性化与数字化整合，为焦虑的科学管理与精准干预提供理论支持与实践指导。

Abstract: As the global incidence of anxiety disorders continues to rise, their extensive impact on individuals’ physiological, psychological, and social functioning has become a critical issue in public mental health. This paper systematically reviews the conceptualization of anxiety, its underlying mechanisms, and intervention strategies, aiming to construct an integrated research framework of “definition-mechanism-intervention.” From the dual perspectives of clinical psychology and positive psychology, it delineates the boundary between “normal anxiety” and “pathological anxiety,” and presents the primary classifications of anxiety disorders. The paper further provides an in-depth analysis of the multidimensional mechanisms underlying anxiety, including neurophysiological, cognitive-emotional, and social-functional aspects. Finally, it summarizes current mainstream intervention strategies, comparing their applicable contexts and efficacy. This paper proposes that future research should strengthen the exploration of objective physiological indicators of anxiety, cross-cultural comparisons of mechanisms, and the personalization and digital integration of intervention strategies, thereby providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the scientific management and precise intervention of anxiety.