中医药治疗全膝关节置换术后的研究进展

Research Progress in Traditional Chinese Medicine for Postoperative Management Following Total Knee Arthroplasty

摘要: 膝骨关节炎(KOA)是一种慢性退行性骨关节病变，其典型特征为关节组织出现结构性畸变并伴有相应临床症状，病程呈现慢性进展。该病主要对关节软骨造成损害，继而引发骨组织位置偏移、骨赘增生、滑膜炎症以及韧带受损，最终导致关节正常活动功能受限。此类病理改变往往表现为关节局部的疼痛、肿胀及僵硬感。全膝关节置换术(Total Knee Arthroplasty)是治疗膝关节病变终末期的最重要的手段之一。但TKA术后仍可能存在术后下肢静脉血栓、下肢肿胀、疼痛等影响患者术后康复的术后并发症，严重影响着患者的生活质量。文章对近年来中医药在TKA术后的应用进行总结，以期中医药为人工全膝关节置换术后的治疗方案提供参考。

Abstract: Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by progressive structural deformities of joint tissues accompanied by corresponding clinical manifestations. The pathology primarily entails the deterioration of articular cartilage, subsequently precipitating malalignment of bone structures, osteophyte formation, synovial inflammation, and ligamentous impairment, ultimately culminating in restricted joint mobility. These pathological alterations typically manifest clinically as localized pain, swelling, and stiffness. Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) stands as one of the paramount therapeutic interventions for end-stage knee joint disease. However, post-TKA recovery is frequently complicated by adverse events such as lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), edema, and persistent pain, which significantly impede rehabilitation trajectories and compromise patients’ quality of life. This article summarizes the application of traditional Chinese medicine in TKA surgery in recent years, aiming to provide a reference for TCM treatment plans after total knee arthroplasty.