珍贵、濒危野生动物的刑法认定与出罪路径——基于人工繁育的视角及徐州鹦鹉案的启示

Criminal Determination and Exemption Pathways for Precious and Endangered Wildlife —From the Perspective of Artificial Breeding and the Enlightenment of the Xuzhou Parrot Case

摘要: 本文以徐州鹦鹉案为切入点，主要探讨我国刑法在规制人工繁育珍贵、濒危野生动物方面所面临的挑战与变革。本文回顾了传统以名录为准，对人工繁育动物一刀切入罪模式的局限性及其引发的社会争议。随后，重点剖析了徐州鹦鹉案中检察机关从相对不起诉到绝对不起诉的出罪逻辑。在此基础上，本文强调区分野外种群与人工繁育种群法律属性的重要性，为人工繁育野生动物的刑法规制提供了理论支撑。最后，提出了完善我国人工繁育珍贵、濒危野生动物刑法适用规则的具体建议，包括建立动态调整的《人工繁育国家重点保护野生动物名录》、健全社会危害性综合评估体系、加强指导性案例的发布与推广等，旨在构建一个更加科学、合理、具有人文关怀的野生动物保护法律体系，以实现生态保护与经济发展的平衡。

Abstract: This paper takes the Xuzhou Parrot Case as an entry point to primarily discuss the challenges and transformations faced by China’s criminal law in regulating artificially bred precious and endangered wildlife. It reviews the limitations and social controversies arising from the traditional “one-size-fits-all” criminalization model, which relied on species lists to indiscriminately prosecute cases involving artificially bred animals. Subsequently, it critically analyzes the prosecutorial logic in the Xuzhou Parrot Case, moving from relative non-prosecution to absolute non-prosecution. Building on this, the article emphasizes the importance of differentiating the legal attributes of wild populations from those of artificially bred populations, providing theoretical support for the criminal regulation of artificially bred wildlife. Finally, it proposes specific recommendations for improving China’s criminal law application rules concerning artificially bred precious and endangered wildlife. These include establishing a dynamically adjusted “National Key Protected Artificially Bred Wildlife List”, perfecting a comprehensive social harm assessment system, and strengthening the publication and promotion of guiding cases. The aim is to construct a more scientific, reasonable, and humanistic legal system for wildlife protection, achieving a balance between ecological preservation and economic development.