数字慈善的法律规制与实践困境——基于《慈善法》的视角

Legal Regulation and Practical Dilemmas of Digital Charity—From the Perspective of the Charity Law

摘要: 随着互联网技术的快速迭代，直播募捐、短视频捐赠、公益众筹等数字慈善形式迅速崛起，成为慈善事业发展的新引擎，打破了传统慈善的时空限制，降低了公众参与门槛，推动慈善事业向大众化、便捷化转型。但数字慈善在蓬勃发展的同时，也暴露出虚假募捐、平台责任模糊、捐赠资金监管缺位、个人求助与慈善募捐边界不清等诸多实践困境，严重影响了慈善事业的公信力与可持续发展。2023年《中华人民共和国慈善法》(以下简称《慈善法》)的修订，针对数字慈善发展中的新问题作出了针对性回应，进一步明确了网络募捐的规范要求、平台责任及监管机制。本文基于《慈善法》的核心条款，结合数字慈善的实践现状，剖析当前数字慈善面临的法律规制困境与实践难题，结合典型案例与行业实践，探讨完善数字慈善法律规制的路径，为数字慈善的规范化、健康化发展提供理论支撑与实践指引。

Abstract: With the rapid iteration of internet technologies, digital charity forms such as live-streaming donations, short-video giving, and charitable crowdfunding have risen swiftly, becoming a new engine for the development of philanthropy. They have broken the spatiotemporal limitations of traditional charity, lowered the threshold for public participation, and driven the transformation of philanthropy toward greater accessibility and convenience. However, while digital charity is flourishing, it has also exposed many practical dilemmas, including fraudulent fundraising, ambiguous platform responsibilities, insufficient oversight of donated funds, and blurred boundaries between personal assistance and charitable fundraising. These issues have seriously undermined the credibility and sustainable development of philanthropy. The 2023 amendment of the Charity Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Charity Law) has responded to the emerging issues in the development of digital charity by further clarifying the regulatory requirements for online fundraising, platform responsibilities, and supervision mechanisms. Based on the core provisions of the revised Charity Lawand the current practice of digital charity, this paper analyzes the legal regulatory dilemmas and practical challenges facing digital charity. By drawing on typical cases and industry practices, it explores pathways to improve the legal regulation of digital charity, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the standardized and healthy development of digital charity.