冀中地区806例泌尿系结石成分分析及与患者临床特征的关联性研究

Composition Analysis of 806 Cases of Urinary Stones and Its Association with Clinical Characteristics of Patients in Ji Zhong Region

摘要: 目的：探讨冀中地区泌尿系结石的化学成分与患者临床特征之间的关系，并为该地区泌尿系结石的预防提供参考依据。方法：回顾性分析2023年2月~2024年4月在本院接受治疗的806例泌尿系结石患者的结石标本，并根据患者的一般资料，探讨与患者临床特征的关联性。结果：冀中地区泌尿系结石男、女患者占比为2.06:1；输尿管结石最多(52%)，肾结石次之(39%)；上尿路结石(91%)多于下尿路结石(9%)；单一成分以草酸钙结石占比最多(89%)，尿酸结石次之(7%)；结石患者中，44~60岁人群患病率最高；尿酸结石60岁以后多发；碳酸磷灰石18~44岁人群占比最多。结论：冀中地区泌尿系结石男性患者明显多于女性患者，上尿路结石多于下尿路结石，输尿管结石最多见，结石成分以草酸钙结石最常见，年龄和性别在部分结石成分中存在差异，可根据不同结石成分制定有针对性的预防措施。

Abstract: Objective: This paper aims to explore the relationship between the chemical composition of urinary stones in the Ji Zhong region and the clinical characteristics of patients, and to provide a reference for the prevention of urinary stones in this area. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on stone samples from 806 patients with urinary tract stones treated in our hospital from February 2023 to April 2024, and the correlation with clinical characteristics was explored based on general patient information. Results: The ratio of male and female patients with urinary stones in Ji Zhong region was 2.06:1; ureteral stones were the most frequent (52%), followed by renal stones (39%); Stones predominantly occurred in the upper urinary tract, accounting for the vast majority (91%) of cases, in contrast to a small proportion (9%) in the lower tract.; calcium oxalate stones were the most frequent (89%) and uric acid stones were the second most frequent (7%) in terms of their single composition; the highest prevalence of stones was observed in patients aged 44~60 years; uric acid stones were more frequent after the age of 60 years; carbonate apatite accounted for the largest proportion of patients aged 18~44 years. Conclusion: In the Ji Zhong region, urinary stone patients are significantly more often male than female, upper urinary tract stones demonstrated a higher frequency compared to lower urinary tract stones, calcium oxalate stones are the most frequent type, and ureteral stones are the most common location. Differences in stone composition by age and gender support the need for targeted preventive measures based on specific stone types.