菏泽市PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度与气象因子的关系分析

Analysis of the Relationship between PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ Mass Concentrations and Meteorological Factors in Heze City

摘要: 为系统揭示菏泽市大气颗粒物污染特征及气象驱动机制，利用菏泽气象站2025年1月~12月逐月环境监测PM_2.5和PM₁₀及地面气象观测要素资料，分析了菏泽市PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度的年内变化特征，并定量解析平均气温、平均风速、降水量、本站气压、日照时数、相对湿度等关键气象因子的影响方向与作用机制。结果表明：2025年菏泽市PM_2.5月均浓度为25.50~60.20 μg/m³，PM₁₀为42.83~180.74 μg/m³，整体呈现冬春季偏高、夏季最低的“U型”变化特征，PM_2.5与PM₁₀变化趋势高度一致，污染来源具有显著同源性。气象因子对颗粒物浓度具有明显调控作用：颗粒物浓度与平均风速、降水量、日照时数呈负相关，与本站气压、相对湿度呈正相关；不同季节各要素的贡献显著不同，冬季最大风速和降水的影响更大，春季和秋季平均气温的变化影响更大。

Abstract: To systematically reveal the characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter pollution and the meteorological driving mechanisms in Heze City, this study utilized monthly environmental monitoring data of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations, along with surface meteorological observation data from the Heze Meteorological Station from January to December 2025. The intra annual variation characteristics of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass concentrations in Heze City were analyzed, and the direction and mechanisms of influence of key meteorological factors—including mean temperature, mean wind speed, precipitation, station pressure, sunshine duration, and relative humidity—were quantitatively examined. The results indicate that in 2025, the monthly average concentration of PM_2.5 in Heze City ranged from 25.50 to 60.20 μg/m³, and that of PM₁₀ ranged from 42.83 to 180.74 μg/m³. Both exhibited a “U-shaped” seasonal variation pattern, with higher concentrations in winter and spring and the lowest in summer. The variation trends of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were highly consistent, suggesting a significant commonality in pollution sources. Meteorological factors showed a clear regulatory effect on particulate matter concentrations: particulate matter concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with mean wind speed, precipitation, and sunshine duration, and positively correlated with station pressure and relative humidity. The contributions of various meteorological elements differed significantly across seasons, with maximum wind speed and precipitation having a greater influence in winter, while changes in mean temperature had a more pronounced impact in spring and autumn.