数智时代未成年互联网使用风险、治理困境与增量治理机制构建

Digital Intelligence Era: Risks of Minors’ Internet Use, Governance Dilemmas, and the Construction of Incremental Governance Mechanisms

摘要: 第五次全国未成年人互联网使用情况调查显示，我国未成年网民规模已达1.93亿，互联网普及率97.2%，触网低龄化、移动化、智能化趋势显著。短视频、作业辅助型生成式AI应用与手机游戏共同构成儿童每日3.8小时在线生活的主体活动，在带来教育红利的同时，也伴随注意力碎片化、认知捷径化与价值观异化等系统性风险。传统“封堵–限制”型治理面对技术迭代速度、家庭陪伴缺口与平台商业激励之间的结构性落差，呈现边际效用递减，更难以应对快速迭代的生成式AI应用伴随而来的风险。本文在梳理风险表征与治理困境的基础上，提出以“增量机制”为核心的范式转换：把高频数字行为转化为优质内容、教育反馈与治理数据的增量杠杆，形成家庭–学校–平台–政府四维协同的正向循环，实现从“管时间”到“涨素养”、从“禁功能”到“改算法”的治理升级，为构建与数字文明相适应的未成年人保护制度提供可操作的政策框架。

Abstract: According to the Fifth National Survey on Internet Usage among Minors, the number of minor internet users in China has reached 193 million, with an internet penetration rate of 97.2%. A prominent trend has emerged featuring younger age of initial internet access, mobile usage dominance and intelligent application prevalence. Short videos, homework-aided generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools and mobile games dominate minors’ daily online activities, consuming 3.8 hours per day on average. While bringing educational benefits, these applications also trigger systematic risks such as fragmented attention, cognitive shortcut dependence and distorted values. Conventional “blocking and restricting” governance exhibits diminishing marginal effectiveness due to structural gaps between rapid technological iteration, insufficient family companionship and commercial incentives of online platforms. Moreover, it fails to address emerging risks accompanying fast-updating generative AI applications. By sorting out the manifestations of risks and existing governance dilemmas, this paper proposes a paradigm shift centered on an incremental governance mechanism. It transforms frequent digital behaviors into incremental leverage for high-quality content supply, educational feedback and governance data accumulation, forming a positive collaborative cycle among families, schools, platforms and governments. This approach realizes governance upgrading from “time control” to “literacy enhancement” and from “function prohibition” to “algorithmic optimization”, providing an operable policy framework for establishing a minor protection system adapted to digital civilization.