3D打印技术联合PBL教学法在神经外科临床带教中的应用研究

Application Research of 3D Printing Technology Combined with PBL Teaching Method in Clinical Teaching of Neurosurgery

摘要: 目的：探讨3D打印技术联合PBL教学法在神经外科住院医师规范化培训中的应用价值。方法：将安徽医科大学第一附属医院神经外科2025年1~12月60名规培医师随机分为观察组与对照组，各30名。对照组采用传统带教模式，观察组采用3D打印联合PBL教学。比较两组理论成绩、操作技能、临床思维能力、教学满意度及主观评价。结果：观察组理论、操作技能及临床思维评分均显著高于对照组(P < 0.001)，教学满意度更高(P = 0.011)；在解剖理解、手术流程、自主学习等方面优良率亦显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。结论：3D打印联合PBL教学可显著提升神经外科规培医师的理论水平、操作技能与临床思维能力，优化教学效果，具有良好推广价值。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the application value of 3D printing technology combined with problem-based learning (PBL) in the standardized training of neurosurgery residents. Methods: A total of 60 standardized training residents in the Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January to December 2025 were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The control group received traditional teaching mode, while the observation group was taught by 3D printing combined with PBL. The theoretical scores, operational skills, clinical thinking ability, teaching satisfaction and subjective evaluation were compared between the two groups. Results: The scores of theory, operational skills and clinical thinking in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.001), and the teaching satisfaction was also higher (P = 0.011). The excellent and good rates in anatomical understanding, surgical procedures, autonomous learning and other aspects were also significantly higher in the observation group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 3D printing combined with PBL teaching can significantly improve the theoretical level, operational skills and clinical thinking ability of neurosurgery residents, optimize the teaching effect, and has good popularization value.