从陪伴缺位到媒介补位：智能手机与农村留守儿童的互动研究

From Absence of Parental Companionship to Media Substitution: An Interactive Study of Smartphones and Left-Behind Children in Rural China

摘要: 随着城镇化推进，农村留守儿童不仅面临着家庭结构变迁带来的社会化问题，他们的媒介使用状况也在一定程度上影响其日常学习实践。基于本文田野调查发现，智能手机也在逐渐嵌入留守儿童的日常生活，本文以农村留守儿童为研究对象，探讨智能手机在其社会化过程中的作用。研究发现，在家庭陪伴不足的情境下，智能手机在一定程度上发挥了“媒介补位”的作用，不仅为留守儿童提供了新的情感表达渠道，也改变了其同伴交往方式，但过度依赖数字媒介亦可能带来网络依赖与社交封闭等风险。理解这一过程有助于更加全面地认识数字媒介对留守儿童社会化的影响，并为农村基础教育中媒介素养培养与学生行为引导提供了经验依据。

Abstract: With the advancement of urbanization, rural left-behind children are confronted not only with socialization issues arising from changes in family structure, but also with the influence of media use on their everyday learning practices. Based on fieldwork findings, this study observes that smartphones have become increasingly embedded in the daily lives of left-behind children. Taking rural left-behind children as the research subject, this paper explores the role of smartphones in their socialization process. The study finds that, in the context of insufficient parental companionship, smartphones to some extent function as a form of “media substitution”, providing new channels for emotional expression and reshaping patterns of peer interaction. However, excessive reliance on digital media may also lead to risks such as internet dependency and social withdrawal. Understanding this process contributes to a more comprehensive perspective on the impact of digital media on the socialization of left-behind children, and offers empirical insights for media literacy education and behavioral guidance in rural basic education.