新优特观赏药用草本植物评价与筛选研究

Research on Evaluation and Screening of New, High-Quality and Characteristic Ornamental and Medicinal Herbaceous Plants

摘要: 为丰富杭州草本植物多样性，筛选出观赏价值高、生态适应性强、在城市园林绿化中有推广潜力的新优特观赏药用草本植物种类，本文采用AHP法对杭州植物园百草园收集的100种药用草本植物进行综合评价。以杭州地区新优特观赏药用草本植物应用综合评价为目标层，以观赏效果、抗性和成本3个方面为准则层，以18个评价因子为因子层，建立杭州地区新优特观赏药用草本植物综合评价模型，利用层次分析法，计算各评价指标总权重，并通过行业专家对评价指标进行赋分，最后计算每种植物的综合得分，并进行分级。结果表明，各准则层对目标层的权重大小排序为观赏效果 > 抗性 > 成本。18个因子层评价因素中，休眠期、抗病性、花冠、花序或果实大小对新优特观赏药用草本植物的影响最大。根据评价结果，新优特观赏药用草本植物被评为I级的有打破碗花花、舌瓣鼠尾草、浙江叶下珠、赪桐、四子马蓝，可以大规模开发利用；被评为II级的有温郁金、姜花、射干等7种，可以适度地栽培利用。

Abstract: To enrich the diversity of herbaceous plants in Hangzhou and select new, high-quality and characteristic ornamental and medicinal herbaceous plants with high ornamental value, strong ecological adaptability, and potential for promotion in urban landscaping, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was adopted to comprehensively evaluate 100 medicinal herbaceous plants collected from the Herb Garden of Hangzhou Botanical Garden. Taking the comprehensive evaluation of the application of new, high-quality and characteristic ornamental medicinal herbaceous plants in Hangzhou as the target layer, with ornamental effect, resistance, and cost as the criterion layers, and 18 evaluation factors as the factor layer, a comprehensive evaluation model for new, high-quality and characteristic ornamental medicinal herbaceous plants in Hangzhou was established. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the total weight of each evaluation index was calculated, and industry experts were invited to assign scores to the evaluation indicators. Finally, the comprehensive score of each plant was calculated and graded. The results showed that the weight of each criterion layer to the target layer was ranked as follows: ornamental effect > resistance > cost. Among the 18 factors evaluated, dormancy period, disease resistance, and the size of corolla, inflorescence, or fruit had the greatest impact on new, high-quality and characteristic ornamental medicinal herbaceous plants. According to the evaluation results, the new, high-quality and characteristic ornamental medicinal herbaceous plants were rated as Level I, including Anemone hupehensis, Salvia liguliloba, Nymphanthus chekiangensis, Clerodendrum japonicum, and Strobilanthes tetrasperma, which can be developed and utilized on a large scale; and Level II, including 7 species such as Curcuma wenyujin, Hedychium coronarium, and Belamcanda chinensis, which can be moderately cultivated and utilized.