常用化肥与农药对昆虫病原线虫的影响

The Effects of Common Fertilizers and Pesticides on Entomopathogenic Nematodes

摘要: 目的：探究常用农药与肥料对斯氏昆虫病原线虫Steinernema feltia 0619HT的影响。选用磷酸二氢钾、硫酸铵、多菌灵、乙基多杀菌素、青霉素、氟啶虫酰胺、硼锌锰铁钼钙镁、霜脲·氰霜唑、高效氯氰菊酯与阿维菌素十种药剂进行梯度稀释后与昆虫病原线虫进行共培养24 h后检测线虫的存活率。再选用其中对线虫存活率影响较大的几种药剂与线虫进行在土壤环境中的混用实验。结果表明，磷酸二氢钾、硫酸铵对线虫的存活率无明显影响，可与线虫共同使用；多菌灵、乙基多杀菌素、青霉素、氟啶虫酰胺、硼锌锰铁钼钙镁、霜脲·氰霜唑、高效氯氰菊酯与阿维菌素对线虫有轻微致死作用，其中高效氯氰菊酯与阿维菌素对线虫存活率的影响超过40%，与线虫混用时浓度不宜过高，要注意合适的使用量或者两者的施放间隔时间以达到最佳效果。在土壤环境下，高效氯氰菊酯与阿维菌素对线虫的存活率仍存在一定影响，但药剂对线虫存活率的影响明显小于在实验室中探究出的药剂对线虫存活率的影响，因此探明水体环境下药剂对线虫存活率的影响后仍需要进一步探究在土壤环境下药剂对线虫的影响，才能更准确系统地分析药剂对线虫影响。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of commonly used pesticides and fertilizers on the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae 0619HT. Ten agents—monopotassium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, carbendazim, spinetoram, penicillin, flonicamid, boron-zinc-manganese-iron-molybdenum-calcium-magnesium (micronutrient mix), cymoxanil + cyazofamid, beta-cypermethrin, and abamectin—were selected. After gradient dilution, they were co-cultured with the entomopathogenic nematodes for 24 hours, after which the nematode survival rate was determined. Several agents that had a greater impact on nematode survival were then selected for mixed application experiments with nematodes in a soil environment. The results showed that monopotassium phosphate and ammonium sulfate had no significant effect on nematode survival and could be used in combination with the nematodes. Carbendazim, spinetoram, penicillin, flonicamid, the micronutrient mix, cymoxanil + cyazofamid, beta-cypermethrin, and abamectin exhibited slight lethal effects on the nematodes. Among them, beta-cypermethrin and abamectin reduced nematode survival by over 40%. When used in combination with nematodes, their concentrations should not be too high, and appropriate application rates or intervals between applications should be considered to achieve optimal efficacy. In the soil environment, beta-cypermethrin and abamectin still had some impact on nematode survival, but their effects were significantly less pronounced than those observed in laboratory studies. Therefore, after clarifying the impact of agents on nematode survival in an aqueous environment, further investigation into their effects in a soil environment is necessary to more accurately and systematically analyze the influence of agents on nematodes.