初中生抑郁状态及影响因素分析

Analysis on Depressive Status and Its Influencing Factors among Junior High School Students

摘要: 目的：探讨初中生抑郁状态的流行病学特征及影响因素，为青少年心理健康干预提供依据。方法：2025年6月至8月，采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取D地区3所中学7~9年级30个班共计1549名初中生参与了问卷调查。应用自编社会人口学问卷收集人口学变量，患者健康问卷9项(PHQ-9)等工具对纳入研究的儿童进行问卷调查。使用卡方检验、有序Logistic回归等方法进行统计分析。结果：抑郁状态总检出率为 36.21%，其中轻度抑郁26.99%、中度抑郁7.25%、中重度抑郁1.57%、重度抑郁0.39%；非独生子女占比更高。不同抑郁严重程度在睡眠时间、入睡困难程度、睡眠稳定性等方面差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)；有序Logistic回归显示，年龄增长、家庭环境安静、父亲受教育程度较高、上学感受快乐及学校规范管理为抑郁状态的保护因素(P < 0.05)，而对上学持“无所谓”态度是危险因素(P < 0.05)。结论：该地区初中生抑郁状态检出率需引起关注，睡眠质量、家庭与学校环境是影响抑郁状态的关键因素，针对性干预可降低患病风险，具有重要社会意义。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of depressive status among junior high school students, and to provide a basis for adolescent mental health intervention. Methods: From June to August 2025, a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to select a total of 1549 junior high school students from 30 classes of grades 7~9 in 3 middle schools in a certain area to participate in the questionnaire survey. A self-designed social demographic questionnaire was used to collect demographic variables, and tools such as the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were applied to conduct the questionnaire survey on the children included in the study. Statistical analyses were performed using methods including chi-square test and ordinal Logistic regression. Results: The total detection rate of depressive status was 36.21%, including 26.99% with mild depression, 7.25% with moderate depression, 1.57% with moderate-severe depression, and 0.39% with severe depression. The proportion of non-only children among those with depressive status was relatively higher. There were statistically significant differences in sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, and sleep stability among students with different severities of depression (P < 0.05). Ordinal Logistic regression showed that increased age, quiet family environment, higher educational level of fathers, feeling happy at school, and standardized school management were protective factors against depressive status (P < 0.05), while holding an “indifferent” attitude towards going to school was a risk factor (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The detection rate of depressive status among junior high school students in this area requires attention. Sleep quality, family environment, and school environment are key factors affecting depressive status. Targeted interventions can reduce the risk of developing depression, which holds important social significance.