沥青路面全生命周期低碳技术——基于LCA的框架构建与研究进展

Low-Carbon Technologies for Asphalt Pavement Throughout Its Life Cycle—Framework Construction and Research Progress Based on LCA

摘要: 为系统梳理沥青路面全生命周期碳排放核算方法与低碳技术，支撑行业低碳转型，本文在界定原材料生产、施工建造、运营维护、报废回收四个阶段的基础上，构建了从量化方法到技术应用的系统性综述框架。首先，明确了以全生命周期评价(LCA)为核心的方法论体系，辨析了系统边界、清单分析、不确定性及敏感性分析等关键问题。进而，分阶段综述了钢渣资源化、RAP高掺量再生、低碳沥青替代、温拌/冷拌技术、预防性养护及固废闭环利用等关键技术的减排机理与量化效果，揭示了材料掺量、运输距离与拌合温度等关键参数的影响规律。最后，针对当前研究在方法统一性、数据标准化、技术–政策协同方面的挑战，提出了建设全行业数据库、发展数字孪生平台、构建碳价耦合模型及路网协同优化等未来研究方向。本文旨在为沥青路面低碳技术的研发、评估与应用提供系统性的理论参考与决策支撑。

Abstract: To systematically sort out the carbon emission accounting methods and low-carbon technologies for the full life cycle of asphalt pavements and support the low-carbon transformation of the industry, this paper establishes a systematic review framework from quantitative methods to technical applications based on defining four stages: raw material production, construction, operation and maintenance, and demolition and recycling. First, a methodological system centered on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is clarified, and key issues such as system boundary, inventory analysis, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are distinguished. Furthermore, the emission reduction mechanisms and quantitative effects of key technologies are reviewed stage by stage, including steel slag resource utilization, high-content RAP recycling, low-carbon asphalt substitution, warm-mix/cold-mix technology, preventive maintenance, and closed-loop utilization of solid waste, revealing the influence laws of key parameters such as material dosage, transportation distance and mixing temperature. Finally, in view of the current challenges in methodological uniformity, data standardization, and technology-policy synergy, future research directions are proposed, such as building an industry-wide database, developing a digital twin platform, constructing a carbon price coupling model, and optimizing road network collaboration. This paper aims to provide a systematic theoretical reference and decision support for the research, evaluation and application of low-carbon technologies in asphalt pavements.