平台经济视域下数字垄断的法律规制研究

Research on Legal Regulation of Digital Monopoly from the Perspective of Platform Economy

摘要: 平台经济作为数字经济的核心业态，凭借数据、算法、技术与资本的叠加优势，催生了区别于传统经济的新型数字垄断形态。这种垄断以数据控制为基础、算法技术为工具、平台规则为载体，呈现出隐蔽性、跨界性、生态化等特征，对传统反垄断法律规制体系形成全面挑战。我国虽已通过修订《反垄断法》、出台平台经济反垄断指南等举措构建初步规制框架，但在市场界定、行为认定、监管执行等层面仍存在诸多适配性难题。本文立足平台经济特性，剖析数字垄断的表现形式与生成逻辑，检视现行法律规制的不足，借鉴域外先进经验，从完善法律规则、创新监管机制、强化协同治理、保障用户权益等维度提出优化路径，以期构建适配数字经济发展规律、兼顾效率与公平的数字垄断法律规制体系，促进平台经济规范健康持续发展。

Abstract: As the core business model of the digital economy, platform economy has given rise to a novel digital monopoly paradigm distinct from traditional economies through the synergistic advantages of data, algorithms, technology, and capital. This monopoly model—rooted in data control, powered by algorithmic technologies, and sustained by platform regulations—exhibits characteristics of concealment, cross-sectoral influence, and ecosystem integration, posing comprehensive challenges to conventional antitrust legal frameworks. Although China has established preliminary regulatory mechanisms through amendments to the Anti-Monopoly Law and the release of platform economy antitrust guidelines, significant adaptation challenges persist in market definition, conduct assessment, and regulatory enforcement. Grounded in platform economy characteristics, this study analyzes the manifestations and formation logic of digital monopolies, evaluates existing legal shortcomings, and draws on international best practices. It proposes optimization pathways encompassing legal rule refinement, regulatory mechanism innovation, enhanced collaborative governance, and user rights protection. The objective is to establish a digital monopoly regulatory system aligned with digital economic development principles while balancing efficiency and equity, thereby fostering standardized, sustainable growth of platform economies.