数字资本主义视域下唯物史观与剩余价值理论的当代价值

The Contemporary Value of Historical Materialism and the Theory of Surplus Value from the Perspective of Digital Capitalism

摘要: 数字资本主义作为依托数据要素、算法驱动与平台垄断的新阶段，构成了检验唯物史观与剩余价值理论解释力的当代场域。本文立足于二者内在统一的方法论整体，遵循“现实的个人–物质生产–商品”的逻辑线索，系统剖析数字劳动过程、数据商品化与平台资本积累的政治经济学实质。分析表明，数字技术并未改变资本主义私有制的根本生产关系，其价值源泉依然是被资本组织的活劳动，而社会化数字生产力与私有化数据占有形式之间的矛盾构成其基本冲突。在此视域下，唯物史观深化为对数字社会矛盾运动的科学揭示，剩余价值理论则发展为对隐蔽剥削机制与价值分割逻辑的穿透性分析，二者的互证也阐明了数字异化的制度性根源。

Abstract: As a new stage defined by data elements, algorithmic drive, and platform monopoly, digital capitalism constitutes a contemporary arena for testing the explanatory power of historical materialism and the theory of surplus value. Grounded in the methodological unity of these two theoretical frameworks, this paper systematically analyzes the political-economic essence of the digital labor process, data commodification, and platform capital accumulation, following the logical thread of “real individuals-material production-commodities”. The analysis reveals that digital technology has not altered the fundamental relations of production under capitalist private ownership; the source of value remains living labor organized by capital. The central contradiction lies in the tension between socialized digital productive forces and the private appropriation of data. From this perspective, historical materialism deepens into a scientific exposition of the contradictory movements within digital society, while the theory of surplus value evolves into a penetrating analysis of the mechanisms of concealed exploitation and the logic of value distribution. Their mutual corroboration further elucidates the institutional roots of digital alienation.