新就业群体职业压力缓解的小组工作介入研究

A Group Work Intervention Study on Alleviating Occupational Stress among Workers in New Forms of Employment

摘要: 新就业群体在高强度、低自主性的工作情境下，容易产生持续性的职业压力，进而对其身心健康、工作表现和社会适应造成不利影响。现有研究表明，新就业群体的个人应对能力与支持资源是影响其职业压力的重要因素。据此，采用小组工作介入方法，对处于高职业压力状态的新就业群体开展系统性介入，并通过定量与定性相结合的研究方法对介入效果进行评估。结果表明，准实验介入组的服务对象相较于对照组在职业压力水平上具有明显改善。成员的压力应对能力在一定程度上有所改善，感知到的社会支持水平有所提升，其职业压力感受呈下降趋势。由此可见，针对新就业群体职业压力的小组工作介入在短期内取得了积极成效。

Abstract: Under work settings characterized by high job demands and limited autonomy, workers in new forms of employment are prone to sustained occupational stress, which in turn may adversely affect their physical and mental health, work performance, and social adaptation. Existing research indicates that individual coping capacity and support resources among workers in emerging forms of employment are important factors influencing their occupational stress. On this basis, a group work intervention was implemented to provide systematic support for workers experiencing high levels of occupational stress, and its effects were evaluated using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative and qualitative data. The findings show that participants in the quasi-experimental intervention group demonstrated greater improvement in occupational stress levels compared with those in the control group. Participants’ stress coping capacity showed moderate improvement, their perceived social support increased, and their experience of occupational stress exhibited a downward trend. Overall, the results suggest that group work interventions targeting occupational stress among workers in new forms of employment can achieve positive short-term outcomes.