工程教育认证标准的几个重要概念界定及文献综述

Several Important Conceptual Definitions and Literary Review of Engineering Education Certification Standards

摘要: 本文运用文献研究法，对工程教育专业认证、企业人才需求、校企合作模式这三大核心概念进行了梳理。研究得出，中国工程教育认证标准在像“产出导向”等核心维度方面，与《华盛顿协议》、ABET EC2000保持着高度的一致性，然而高校在培养学生沟通能力、管理能力时，实施的水平却比较低。在智能制造的背景环境下，企业对于人才的需求已经从单纯的技术技能朝着复合能力结构转变，着重强调沟通、团队合作、创新、终身学习等方面的“软技能”，而高校在这些“软技能”方面表现比较薄弱。制度方面的校企合作是缩小培养与需求之间差距的有效办法，可是现有的模式缺少基于实证数据的精细设计。研究表明，对沟通能力的培养应当成为工程教育改革的关键突破点，未来需要通过量化调查来建立“标准实施–需求匹配–改进”的可持续合作模型，以此为机械工程专业人才的培养提供实践方面的指导。

Abstract: This article systematically carries on the combination to three core concepts which are engineering education professional certification, enterprise talent demand, and university-enterprise cooperation pattern through the method of literature research. This research has discovered that the Chinese engineering education certification standards possess high consistency with the Washington Agreement and ABET EC2000 on core aspects like “output orientation”, but universities have a lower degree of carrying out in communication ability and management ability cultivation. Under the background of intelligent manufacture, the demand for talents of enterprises has changed from single technical abilities to a complicated capability framework; it puts stress on “soft capabilities” such as communication, teamwork, creation, and life-long study; hence, universities are comparatively weaker in this aspect. The institutionalized cooperation between universities and companies is an effective way to fill the gap between talent cultivation and demands, hence the current model is short of detailed design that is based on actual experience data. Research indicates that communication ability cultivation ought to become a key breaking point for engineering educational transformation. In the future, a sustainable cooperative pattern of “standard carrying out-demand matching-promotion” must be built by means of quantitative investigation to give actual guidance for the cultivation of mechanical engineering professional talents.