政企合作下公交化列车补贴机制研究综述

Review of Subsidy Mechanism for Public Transportation of Railway under Public-Private Cooperation

摘要: 政企合作运营背景下，公交化列车补贴机制的研究对于激发铁路企业公交化运营积极性、保障公交化运营服务水平具有重要意义。本文基于对公交化列车运营特征的分析，系统梳理了公交化列车补贴原则、补贴模式、激励机制设计，以及既有线上公交化列车开行方案与补贴方案协同优化的研究现状。进一步从补贴形式理论体系、补贴测算方法的动态性与精准性、激励效能，以及不同运营模式中公交化列车的补贴重点，分析了现有研究的不足，针对这些不足提出未来的研究方向与方法，为完善政企合作下公交化列车补贴机制研究提供参考。

Abstract: Under the context of government–enterprise cooperative operation, the study of subsidy mechanisms for public transportation of railway is of significant importance for stimulating railway enterprises’ initiative in public transport operations and ensuring service quality. Based on an analysis of the operational characteristics of such trains, this paper systematically reviews the principles, models, and incentive designs of subsidies, as well as the research progress on the coordinated optimization of train operation plans and subsidy schemes on existing lines. Furthermore, from the perspectives of the theoretical framework of subsidy types, the dynamism and accuracy of subsidy calculation methods, incentive effectiveness, and the key subsidy priorities under different operation modes, the paper identifies the limitations of existing studies and proposes future research directions and methodologies, providing a reference for improving subsidy mechanisms under government–enterprise cooperation.