刑法中“擅自处理公开的个人信息行为”的层次性认定

Hierarchical Determination of the Act of “Unauthorized Processing of Publicly Available Personal Information” in Criminal Law

摘要: 对于擅自处理公开的个人信息行为是否构成侵犯公民个人信息罪，司法实务中看法不一。擅自处理公开的个人信息行为具有刑事违法性，原则上构成侵犯公民个人信息罪，但在“合理处理”场合例外地不构成犯罪。有必要针对不同类型的个人信息对“合理处理”这一正当化事由进行实质性解释。对于敏感信息，没有正当化事由的适用空间，而对于一般信息，则需区别自行公开的一般信息与依法强制公开的一般信息构建不同的合理处理标准。

Abstract: There is divergence in judicial practice regarding whether the unauthorized processing of publicly available personal information constitutes the crime of infringing upon citizens’ personal information. Such acts possess criminal illegality and, in principle, constitute the said crime, except in cases of “reasonable processing”, which serves as a justifiable ground precluding criminal liability. It is necessary to provide a substantive interpretation of the “reasonable processing” justification tailored to different types of personal information. For sensitive information, there is no room for applying this justification. For general information, however, different standards for reasonable processing should be established, distinguishing between information voluntarily made public by the individual and information mandatorily disclosed according to law.