辽宁省A级旅游景区分类与空间分布特征研究

Study on Classification and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of A-Class Tourist Attractions in Liaoning Province

摘要: 研究以辽宁省600个A级旅游景区为研究对象，依据其资源属性划分为城市公园、工业旅游、科教旅游、文化历史、乡村旅游、主题公园、自然景观7大类。运用最邻近指数、核密度估计、标准差椭圆及冷热点分析法，解析其空间分布特征与影响因素。结果显示：全省景区呈显著集聚态，其中自然景观与主题公园类占主导；标准差椭圆分析表明：各类景区主轴与省域轮廓和交通干线高度契合，均呈从东北至西南向延伸，自然景观类方向性最强，城市公园类最弱；冷热点分析表明：沈阳、鞍山为显著热点，辽西北为连续冷点带；大连虽因线性布局未呈统计显著热点，但凭借高等级资源仍为品质高地。研究表明，地形地貌奠定分布基底，交通通达性与人文经济活动等多要素的协同作用共同塑造了景区的空间分布形态。据此，本文可为区域旅游资源的优化配置提供理论参考。

Abstract: Taking 600 A-level tourist attractions in Liaoning Province as the research object, this study classifies them into seven categories according to their resource attributes: urban parks, industrial tourism, science and education tourism, cultural history, rural tourism, theme parks, and natural landscapes. Using the nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, standard deviational ellipse, and cold-hot spot analysis, this study examines their spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The results show that the scenic spots in the province present a significant agglomeration feature, with natural landscapes and theme parks as the dominant types. The standard deviational ellipse analysis indicates that the main extension directions of all types of scenic spots are highly consistent with the provincial contour and major transportation corridors, extending from northeast to southwest; among them, natural landscapes have the strongest directionality, while urban parks have the weakest. The cold-hot spot analysis shows that Shenyang and Anshan are statistically significant hot spots, while northwest Liaoning forms a continuous cold spot belt; although Dalian does not present a statistically significant hot spot due to its linear coastal layout, it remains a high-quality tourism center relying on its high-grade resources. This study confirms that topography provides the fundamental foundation for the spatial distribution, and the synergistic effects of transportation accessibility and socio-economic activities jointly shape the spatial pattern of scenic spots. Accordingly, this paper can provide theoretical references for the optimal allocation of regional tourism resources.