“双碳”目标下化工行业环保治理创新路径研究

Research on Innovative Pathways for Environmental Protection and Governance in the Chemical Industry under the “Dual Carbon” Goals

摘要: 化工行业作为国民经济的战略性支柱产业，其绿色转型是我国实现“双碳”目标与生态文明建设的关键环节。本文基于2023~2024年最新行业统计数据与学术研究进展，系统剖析了当前化工行业环境污染的现状特征，深入评估了不同污染治理技术的适用场景与经济可行性，并从政策、企业、行业三个维度构建了协同治理的分析框架。研究发现，当前我国化工行业主要污染物排放总量已呈现下降趋势，2024年绿色化工园区单位产值化学需氧量、氨氮排放量较行业平均水平分别下降38.14%、69.09%，园区化治理成效显著，但中小企业仍面临治理成本高、技术适配性不足的短板。在治理技术层面，末端治理技术已较为成熟，但源头削减的绿色化学工艺与全过程减污降碳技术成为当前研究与应用的核心方向；成本效益分析表明，环保投入虽在短期内增加企业运营成本，但长期来看可通过资源回用、合规避险与品牌溢价实现经济与环境效益的双赢。本文进一步探讨了化工行业环保治理的未来发展趋势，提出了针对不同规模企业的差异化治理建议，为推动化工行业的可持续发展提供了理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: As a strategic pillar industry of the national economy, the green transformation of the chemical industry is a key link for China to achieve the “dual carbon” goal and ecological civilization construction. Based on the latest industry statistical data and academic research progress from 2023 to 2024, this paper systematically analyzes the current characteristics of environmental pollution in the chemical industry, deeply evaluates the application scenarios and economic feasibility of different pollution control technologies, and constructs a collaborative governance analysis framework from three dimensions: policy, enterprise and industry. The study found that the total emission of major pollutants in China’s chemical industry has shown a downward trend. In 2024, the emission of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen per unit output value of green chemical parks decreased by 38.14% and 69.09% respectively compared with the industry average level, and the park-based governance has achieved remarkable results. However, small and medium-sized enterprises still face the shortcomings of high governance costs and insufficient technical adaptability. At the level of governance technology, end-of-pipe treatment technologies are relatively mature, but green chemical processes for source reduction and whole-process pollution and carbon reduction technologies have become the core direction of current research and application. Cost-benefit analysis shows that although environmental protection investment increases the operating cost of enterprises in the short term, in the long run, it can achieve a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits through resource reuse, compliance risk avoidance and brand premium. This paper further discusses the future development trend of environmental protection governance in the chemical industry, and puts forward differentiated governance suggestions for enterprises of different scales, providing theoretical support and practical reference for promoting the sustainable development of the chemical industry.