生态脆弱区乡村振兴与绿色发展协同推进研究

Research on the Collaborative Promotion of Rural Revitalization and Green Development in Ecologically Fragile Areas

摘要: 生态脆弱区是我国乡村振兴的重点与难点区域，其发展面临生态保护与经济增收的双重压力。本文基于复合生态系统理论与城乡融合发展理论，系统梳理了生态脆弱区乡村绿色发展的研究进展，深入剖析了西南喀斯特、西北沙漠、黄土高原、北方农牧交错带等典型区域的现实困境与空间分异特征。通过对易地搬迁产业带动、沙漠文旅融合、林农牧循环、农光互补、生态修复产业化等五种典型模式的实证分析，揭示了生态脆弱区实现“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的内在机理。研究发现，生态脆弱区乡村绿色发展存在产业同质化严重、人才结构性短缺、生态产品价值实现不畅、治理体系不完善等共性问题。据此，从生态保护修复、产业生态化转型、人才培育引进、治理体系创新和政策保障五个维度提出了协同推进路径，为生态脆弱区实现生态保护与乡村振兴双赢提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract: Ecologically fragile areas are the key and difficult regions of rural revitalization in China, whose development faces the dual pressures of ecological protection and economic income growth. Based on the complex ecosystem theory and urban-rural integration development theory, this paper systematically reviews the research progress of rural green development in ecologically fragile areas, and deeply analyzes the practical dilemmas and spatial differentiation characteristics of typical regions such as the southwest karst region, northwest desert region, loess plateau region, and northern agro-pastoral ecotone. Through an empirical analysis of five typical models, including industrial driving for relocation, desert cultural tourism integration, forest-agriculture-animal husbandry cycle, agriculture-photovoltaic complementation, and ecological restoration industrialization, this paper reveals the internal mechanism of transforming “clear waters and lush mountains into invaluable assets” in ecologically fragile areas. The study finds that rural green development in ecologically fragile areas is confronted with common problems, including severe industrial homogenization, structural shortage of talents, blocked realization of ecological product value, and imperfect governance system. Accordingly, a collaborative promotion path is proposed from five dimensions: ecological protection and restoration, ecological transformation of industries, talent cultivation and introduction, governance system innovation, and policy guarantee, so as to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for achieving a win-win situation between ecological protection and rural revitalization in ecologically fragile areas.