商洛市大气污染特征及人群健康风险评估

Characteristics of Air Pollution and Health Risk Assessment for Population in Shangluo City

摘要: 基于商洛市近十年空气质量监测数据，研究商洛市城区近十年间的大气污染特征并利用环境暴露风险评价模型对主要大气污染物开展人群健康风险评估。研究发现近十年来商洛市城区空气质量指数呈现出“V”字形的波动趋势，7~10月空气质量最佳，12月至次年2月污染最为严重。从不同年份来看，大气颗粒物PM_2.5、PM₁₀、NO₂浓度在近十年间整体呈波动式下降趋势，O₃下降趋势不明显。PM_2.5和PM₁₀的年平均浓度在2015年和2016年超过了国家二级标准浓度限值。近十年间，颗粒物PM_2.5和PM₁₀的健康风险整体呈下降趋势，反映商洛市城区空气质量整体较好。商洛市大气污染的主要污染物是PM_2.5和PM₁₀，需进一步加强防控。研究结果可为相关管理部门决策提供理论依据，促进商洛市空气质量和居民健康水平的进一步优化。

Abstract: Based on the air quality monitoring data of Shangluo City in the past decade, this study investigates the characteristics of atmospheric pollution in the urban area of Shangluo City during the past decade and conducts a human health risk assessment on major air pollutants using an environmental exposure risk assessment model. The study finds that the air quality index in the urban area of Shang Luo City has shown a “V”-shaped fluctuation trend in the past ten years, with the best air quality from July to October and the most serious pollution from December to February of the following year. From the perspective of different years, the concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and NO₂ have shown an overall fluctuating downward trend in the past decade, while the downward trend of O₃ is not obvious. The annual average concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ exceeded the concentration limits of the national second-level standards in 2015 and 2016. Over the past decade, the health risks of particulate matter PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ have shown an overall downward trend, reflecting that the overall air quality in the urban area of Shangluo is relatively good. The main air pollutants in Shangluo City are PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, which need to be further strengthened in prevention and control. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for decision-making by relevant management departments and promote the further optimization of air quality and residents’ health level in Shangluo City.