大熊猫主食竹分布与利用研究进展及发展对策

Research Progress and Development Strategies for Distribution and Utilization of Giant Panda Staple Bamboo

摘要: 大熊猫是我国特有珍稀濒危物种，食性高度特化，99%的食物为竹类。主食竹的分布、生长与更新状况，直接决定大熊猫生存质量与栖息地承载力。本文系统梳理了主食竹的物种多样性、分布格局及大熊猫与人类的利用特征；总结了自然与人为干扰对竹林生长、更新的影响；综述了种质资源保存、遥感监测、营养代谢及竹材资源化等研究进展。分析指出，当前研究存在长期监测不足、复合干扰机理不明、保护与利用协同不够、社会经济维度考量欠缺等核心问题。结合大熊猫国家公园建设与可持续发展需求，本文提出构建“空天地一体化”监测体系、深化复合干扰机制研究、强化栖息地修复与气候适应性保护、推进社区共管与高值化利用等协同发展对策，为实现大熊猫保护与区域可持续发展提供科学依据。

Abstract: The giant panda is an endangered species endemic to China, with a highly specialized diet consisting of 99% bamboo. The distribution, growth and regeneration of staple bamboo directly determine the survival quality of giant pandas and the carrying capacity of their habitats. This paper systematically reviews the species diversity and distribution patterns of staple bamboo, as well as its utilization characteristics by both giant pandas and humans. It summarizes the impacts of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on bamboo forest growth and regeneration, and presents research advances in germplasm conservation, remote sensing monitoring, nutritional metabolism, and bamboo resource utilization. The analysis identifies several core issues in current research, including insufficient long-term monitoring, unclear mechanisms of compound disturbances, inadequate synergy between conservation and utilization, and a lack of socioeconomic considerations. In light of the development of the Giant Panda National Park and the demands for sustainable development, this paper proposes coordinated strategies such as establishing an “integrated space-air-ground” monitoring system, deepening research on compound disturbance mechanisms, strengthening habitat restoration and climate-adaptive conservation, and promoting community co-management and high-value utilization. These strategies aim to provide a scientific basis for achieving synergy between giant panda conservation and regional sustainable development.