从“活着”到“活好”：社会工作视角下农村老年协会发展路径研究——基于惠安县H内村的田野调查

From “Surviving” to “Thriving”: A Study on the Development Path of Rural Elderly Associations from a Social Work Perspective—A Field Study of H Village, Hui’an County

摘要: 本文基于福建省惠安县H村的田野调查，以H村老年协会为个案，深入剖析该组织的运行机制、收入来源与功能发挥。研究发现，后内村老年协会依托传统渔业共同体的内部纽带与情感资源，形成了共同体维系型运行模式，在老年人精神慰藉、日常互助、文化传承等方面发挥了积极作用，但也面临负责人年龄老化、收入来源单一、造血功能不足、服务形式单一等问题。文章引入社会工作专业视角，从资产建设、增能理论、社会支持网络构建、优势视角、社区工作方法等维度，提出促进农村老年协会从被动维持向主动发展转型的介入路径与对策建议，以期为同类地区的老年组织建设提供参考。

Abstract: Based on fieldwork conducted in H Village, Hui’an County, Fujian Province, this study takes the elderly association of H Village as a case to deeply analyze the organization’s operational mechanism, income sources, and functional performance. The findings reveal that the H Village Elderly Association has developed a community-maintenance operational model by leveraging the internal bonds and emotional resources of the traditional fishing community. It has played an active role in providing spiritual comfort, daily mutual assistance, and cultural inheritance for the elderly. However, the association also faces challenges such as the aging of its leadership, single-source income, insufficient self-sustaining capacity, and monotonous service formats. Drawing upon professional social work perspectives, this paper proposes intervention pathways and policy recommendations to facilitate the transformation of rural elderly associations from passive maintenance to active development, utilizing dimensions including asset building, empowerment theory, social support network construction, strengths perspective, and community work methods. The aim is to provide reference for the development of elderly organizations in similar regions.