马克思主义消费理论视角中老年群体“适老化消费”困境与优化路径

Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Age-Friendly Consumption among the Elderly from the Perspective of Marxist Consumption Theory

摘要: 在全球人口老龄化持续深化的宏观背景下，我国老龄人口逐年攀升。银发经济作为老龄社会催生的新兴经济形态，已成为推动我国经济增长的重要引擎，而人口老龄化带来的消费与产业结构转型，也要求银发经济发展以老龄群体需求为导向，将其潜在消费需求转化为有效市场需求，为经济发展注入新动能。从马克思主义消费理论视角来看，老年群体差异化显著，适老化消费需求随社会发展日益丰富多元，但当前我国适老化消费市场仍深陷供需结构错配困境，同时伴随与需求不匹配的市场产品和服务供给不足，在数字化进程加快的过程中，老龄人消费观念却有滞后性、老龄群体消费监管有加强等问题，这不仅制约了老年群体消费需求的有效满足，也影响着共同富裕目标下老年群体美好生活需要的实现。因此需要以马克思主义消费理论为指引，围绕适老化消费的核心需求破解供需错配难题，通过多维度路径优化完善适老化消费体系，才能推动银发经济高质量发展，让适老化消费成为助力共同富裕的重要抓手。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of deepening global population aging, China has witnessed a sustained increase in its elderly population. The silver economy, an emerging economic paradigm catalyzed by an aging society, has become a pivotal driver of China’s economic growth. The ongoing transformation of consumption and industrial structures driven by population aging necessitates a demand-oriented approach to the development of the silver economy, translating the latent consumption needs of the elderly into effective market demand and injecting new momentum into economic development. From the perspective of Marxist consumption theory, the elderly demographic exhibits significant heterogeneity, with their aging-adapted consumption demands becoming increasingly diverse as society evolves. However, China’s current aging-adapted consumer market remains constrained by a structural mismatch between supply and demand, compounded by insufficient provision of market products and services that align with actual needs. Against the accelerating trend of digitalization, additional challenges persist, including lagging consumption attitudes among the elderly and inadequate regulatory oversight of elderly consumption. These issues not only hinder the effective fulfillment of the elderly population’s consumption demands but also impede the realization of their aspirations for a better life under the goal of common prosperity. Therefore, guided by Marxist consumption theory, it is imperative to address the core needs of aging-adapted consumption and resolve the structural supply-demand imbalance. By optimizing and refining the aging-adapted consumption system through multidimensional pathways, we can foster high-quality development of the silver economy and position aging-adapted consumption as a key lever for advancing common prosperity.