马克思主义视域下社会隔离对老年人的抑郁情绪影响以及干预路径研究

Research on the Emotional Impact of Social Isolation on the Elderly and Intervention Pathways from the Marxist Perspective

摘要: 在老龄化与现代化交织的当代中国语境下，老年人抑郁情绪的蔓延已成为不容忽视的社会精神现象。本文超越一般的心理病理学分析，尝试回归马克思主义的经典理论工具，从人的本质及异化理论出发，对社会隔离引发老年人抑郁情绪的深层机制进行批判性阐释。当代老年人的抑郁情绪，本质上是其社会关系网络在现代性冲击下发生系统性断裂与异化的精神症候，集中体现为劳动身份的断裂、家庭关系的异化与消费社会的排挤三个层面。基于马克思改变世界的实践指向，本文提出的干预路径聚焦于关系的重塑，主张通过重建生产性关系、修复情感性关系、重塑话语性关系，帮助老年人在新型社会联结中克服异化、复归其类本质，从而为理解与应对老年抑郁问题提供一个兼具理论批判性与实践建构性的分析框架。

Abstract: In the contemporary Chinese context where aging and modernization intertwine, the prevalence of depression among the elderly has emerged as a significant social-psychological phenomenon. Moving beyond conventional psychopathological analysis, this paper attempts to return to the classical theoretical tools of Marxism. Drawing on theories of human essence and alienation, it provides a critical interpretation of the deep-seated mechanisms through which social isolation triggers depression in the elderly. The depressive mood of the elderly today is essentially a psychological symptom of the systematic rupture and alienation of their social networks under the impact of modernity. This is manifested in three dimensions: the rupture of labor identity, the alienation of family relations, and the exclusion by consumer society. Guided by Marx’s practical imperative to change the world, the intervention pathways proposed in this paper focus on the reconstruction of social relations. By advocating for the rebuilding of productive relations, the restoration of emotional relations, and the reshaping of discursive relations, we aim to help the elderly overcome alienation within new types of social connections and restore their species-essence. This study thus provides an analytical framework, both critically theoretical and practically constructive, for understanding and addressing the issue of depression among the elderly.