马克思交往异化理论视域下数字时代的交往困境与出路

Communication Dilemmas and Solutions in the Digital Age from the Perspective of Marx’s Theory of Communication Alienation

摘要: 马克思交往异化理论深刻揭示了资本主导社会中人与人的交往被物化力量所支配、交往主体被工具化的内在矛盾。数字技术从根本上改变了人类交往的空间结构、媒介形式与互动方式，在提高交往效率、扩大交往范围的同时，也催生了主体符号化、关系浅层化、媒介宰制化以及劳动数据化等新型异化问题。本文以马克思交往异化理论为分析视角，对数字时代交往异化的形成机制、现实表现与深层原因进行系统阐释，并从技术伦理构建、制度约束完善、交往主体重塑以及共同体价值回归四个方面，提出超越异化、回归本真交往的具体可操作实践路径，同时结合国内外核心研究成果明确本研究创新价值，推动数字交往从资本主导的虚假联结转向以人为核心的真实交往，最终实现人的自由全面发展与数字社会的健康运行。

Abstract: Marx’s theory of alienated communication reveals the inherent contradiction that human communi- cation is dominated by reified forces and communicative subjects are instrumentalized under the domination of capital. Digital technology has profoundly changed the spatial structure, media forms and interaction modes of human communication. While improving communication efficiency and expanding communication scope, it has also given birth to new alienation forms such as subject symbolization, superficial communication relationship, media domination and datafication of labor. Based on Marx’s theory of alienated communication, this paper systematically explains the formation mechanism, practical manifestations and deep causes of communicative alienation in the digital age. From four dimensions of technological ethics construction, institutional regulation improvement, communicative subject reshaping and community value regression, it puts forward practical paths to transcend alienation and return to authentic communication, so as to promote digital communication from capital-driven false connection to people-centered real communication, and ultimately realize the free and all-round development of human beings and the sound operation of digital society.