论晚期福柯生成解释学中的“精神性”

On the “Spirituality” in Late Foucault’s Hermeneutics of the Subject

摘要: 米歇尔·福柯晚期思想中，“精神性”是理解其主体理论的关键概念之一。福柯在《主体解释学》等文本中重新激活了古代哲学中的“精神性”传统，将其界定为主体为通达真理而必须进行的自我转化实践。精神性不仅区别于现代认识论的真理观，更构成了一种对主体自身的断裂性重构。本文在梳理福柯晚期思想转向与主体理论内涵的基础上，系统阐释精神性的概念谱系、本质特征，并进一步分析其与社会规训之间的辩证关系。研究表明，精神性并非对规训的简单逃避，而是通过“越界”与“极限体验”实现对规训结构的批判性突破，从而为现代个体的自主生成提供哲学基础。

Abstract: In Michel Foucault’s late thought, “spirituality” is one of the key concepts for understanding his theory of the subject. In works such as The Hermeneutics of the Subject, Foucault reactivates the ancient philosophical tradition of “spirituality,” defining it as the self-transformative practice that the subject must undergo in order to attain truth. Spiritual transcendence not only distinguishes itself from the modern epistemological conception of truth but also constitutes a ruptural reconstruction of the subject itself. On the basis of examining Foucault’s late intellectual turn and the connotations of his theory of the subject, this paper systematically investigates the conceptual genealogy and essential characteristics of spirituality, and further analyzes its dialectical relationship with social discipline. The study shows that spirituality is not a simple escape from discipline, but rather a critical breakthrough of the disciplinary structure through “transgression” and “limit-experiences,” thereby providing a philosophical foundation for the autonomous becoming of the modern individual.