颠覆与重构——巴赫金狂欢化诗学视角下对电影《利刃出鞘》的研究

Subversion and Reconstruction—A Study of the Film Knives Out from the Perspective of Bakhtin’s Carnival Poetics

摘要: 电影《利刃出鞘》作为一部反传统的悬疑推理电影，深刻体现了巴赫金狂欢化诗学理论中的颠覆、反转与重构。导演利用电影中人物的表演、剧情的叠加、镜头的暗示等完成了一场狂欢化的叙事。斯隆比家族的遗产争夺，实则是等级制度的崩塌与重构；而玛尔塔的胜利，则实现了边缘人物在阶层中的变异与反转。在影片中，玛尔塔的善良与富豪家族的贪婪形成鲜明对比，揭露了精英阶层的虚伪，赋予边缘阶层重构秩序的可能。这是对社会权利与财富固化的一次诘问与挑衅，正如狂欢节短暂而深刻的解放意义。

Abstract: As an unconventional suspense and reasoning film, Knives Out profoundly embodies subversion, reversal, and reconstruction in Bakhtin’s theory of carnival poetics. Through the performances of characters, the overlapping of plots, the implications of shots, and other techniques, the director presents a carnivalesque narrative. The inheritance dispute of the Thrombey family is actually the collapse and reconstruction of the hierarchical system, and Marta’s victory completes the transformation and reversal of marginalized figures in the social hierarchy. In the film, Marta’s kindness stands in sharp contrast to the greed of the wealthy family, exposing the hypocrisy of the elite class and endowing the marginalized class with the possibility of reconstructing the social order. This is an interrogation and provocation against the solidification of power and wealth in society itself, just like the short yet profound emancipatory significance of the carnival.