肿瘤患者外周血淋细胞亚群检测的 临床意义

Clinical Significance of Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets Detection in Tumor Patients

摘要: 目的：评估外周血淋巴细胞亚群检测在肿瘤患者免疫状态评估及临床诊疗中的价值。方法：回顾性分析我院2024年11月至2025年11月期间淋巴细胞亚群检测的924例患者资料，其中恶性肿瘤组165例，非肿瘤对照组759例。采用流式细胞术检测外周血T、B淋巴细胞及NK细胞绝对计数。结果：与对照组相比，肿瘤组患者CD3+、CD4+细胞绝对计数及CD4+/CD8+比值显著降低(P < 0.05)，B细胞显著减少(P < 0.05)，而NK细胞呈代偿性增高(P < 0.05)。亚组分析显示，乳腺癌患者各淋巴细胞亚群保留相对完整，而肺癌与食管癌患者呈现更显著的细胞免疫抑制。经系统治疗后，患者CD3+、CD4+、CD8+均值虽有轻度回升，但治疗前后差异未见统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：恶性肿瘤患者普遍存在外周血细胞免疫抑制及免疫失衡。淋巴细胞亚群检测可作为评估肿瘤患者免疫机能、辅助病情分层及疗效监测的常规手段，具有较高的临床推广价值。

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the value of peripheral blood lymphocyte subset detection in the assessment of immune status and clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumor patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 924 patients who underwent peripheral blood lymphocyte subset detection in our hospital from November 2024 to November 2025, including 165 cases in the malignant tumor group and 759 cases in the non-tumor control group. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect the absolute counts of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells. Results: Compared with the control group, the absolute counts of CD3+, CD4+ cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in the tumor group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the number of B cells was markedly reduced (P < 0.05), while NK cells showed a compensatory increase (P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis revealed that all lymphocyte subsets were relatively well-preserved in breast cancer patients, whereas more obvious cellular immune suppression was observed in patients with lung cancer and esophageal cancer. After systematic treatment, the mean levels of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells increased slightly, with no statistically significant differences before and after treatment (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with malignant tumors generally present with peripheral blood cellular immune suppression and immune imbalance. Detection of lymphocyte subsets can be used as a routine method to evaluate immune function, assist disease stratification and monitor therapeutic efficacy in tumor patients, which possesses high clinical promotion value.