薰衣草芳香疗法对癌症患者睡眠质量之效益：系统性文献回顾与荟萃分析

The Effects of Lavender Aromatherapy on Sleep Quality in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

摘要: 目的：通过系统评价与荟萃分析(Meta分析)，评价薰衣草芳香疗法改善癌症患者睡眠质量的临床效益。方法：计算机检索知网、PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、The Cochrane Library等数据库，搜集关于薰衣草芳香疗法干预癌症患者睡眠质量的随机对照试验(RCT)，检索时限均从建库至2025年12月。由两名研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价偏倚风险。采用RevMan 5.4软件进行统计分析。结果：最终纳入8篇RCT，共包含551名患者。主观睡眠质量：Meta分析显示，薰衣草芳香疗法能显著降低患者的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)总分(SMD = −0.73, P = 0.01)并显著提高理查兹–坎贝尔睡眠问卷(RCSQ)评分(SMD = 0.59, P = 0.0008)，有效改善主观睡眠体验。具体睡眠指标：薰衣草干预在提高睡眠效率(P < 0.00001)、减轻睡眠障碍(P = 0.03)以及减少催眠药物使用(P = 0.03)方面具有显著优势。但在缩短入睡时间、延长总睡眠时间及改善日间功能障碍方面，总体效应尚未达到统计学意义(P > 0.05)。客观睡眠质量：仅1项研究显示薰衣草对术后特定时点的总睡眠时间和深睡眠时间有短暂改善作用。结论：薰衣草芳香疗法是一种安全且有效的非药物辅助手段，能显著提升癌症患者的主观睡眠质量，尤其在增强睡眠连续性、减少药物依赖方面表现突出。受限于研究的临床异质性及客观证据的缺乏，未来仍需开展大样本、高质量的RCT以进一步优化干预方案。

Abstract: Objective: This paper aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of lavender aromatherapy in improving sleep quality among cancer patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: Databases including CNKI, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning lavender aromatherapy interventions for sleep quality in cancer patients from database inception to December 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results: Eight RCTs involving a total of 551 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that lavender aromatherapy significantly reduced the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores (SMD = −0.73, P = 0.01) and significantly increased the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) scores (SMD = 0.59, P = 0.0008), effectively improving subjective sleep experience. Lavender intervention showed significant advantages in improving sleep efficiency (P < 0.00001), reducing sleep disturbances (P = 0.03), and decreasing the use of hypnotic medications (P = 0.03). However, the overall effects on shortening sleep latency, prolonging total sleep time, and improving daytime dysfunction did not reach statistical significance (P > 0.05). Only one study utilizing objective monitoring showed transient improvements in total sleep time and deep sleep time at specific postoperative time points. Conclusion: Lavender aromatherapy is a safe and effective non-pharmacological adjuvant that significantly enhances subjective sleep quality in cancer patients, particularly in improving sleep continuity and reducing drug dependence. Due to clinical heterogeneity and a lack of objective evidence, future high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes are required to optimize intervention protocols.