基于SolidWorks Simulation的多目标优化设计——以手机支架为例

Multi-Objective Optimization Design Based on SolidWorks Simulation—Application to a Mobile Phone Holder

摘要: 手机支架用于手机、平板等电子产品的支撑，形式多样，市面上的产品存在结构力学性能冗余、轻量化与功能适配性不足的问题，本文以6061铝合金钣金手机支架为研究对象，提出一种基于SolidWorks软件仿真模块Simulation的参数化多目标优化设计方法。以初始支架三维模型对其进行静力学有限元分析，得到应力、位移和安全系数结果，存在极大轻量化空间；在此基础上采用单因素试验法开展参数敏感性分析，取板材壁厚、支撑角度、背板倾角、散热孔直径等关键参数对结构质量、变形量、安全系数计算影响权重，筛选出4个关键优化变量，确定其合理设计区间；以质量最小为优化目标，以安全系数1.2~2、最大变形量 ≤ 2 mm为约束条件，确定多目标优化数学模型，完成迭代求解，获得最优参数组合；最后，对优化后结构进行性能验证、功能设计与加工工艺性分析。优化结果表明：支架质量从原来的0.189 kg降至优化后的0.083 kg，减重率达56.1%，最大变形量0.4609 mm，最小安全系数1.463，完全满足设计要求，同时兼顾了散热、充电等人机功能需求，适合钣金批量加工的工艺性要求。本文为小型钣金支撑结构的轻量化设计与性能优化提供了可行性的分析与工程实现路径。

Abstract: Mobile phone holders are widely used to support portable electronic devices including mobile phones and tablet computers, with a rich variety of structural forms available on the commercial market. However, existing products generally suffer from redundant structural mechanical properties, insufficient lightweight design, and poor functional adaptability. Taking a sheet metal mobile phone holder used 6061 aluminum alloy as the object, this paper proposes a parametric multi-objective optimization design method based on the SolidWorks Simulation. Static finite element analysis (FEA) was performed on the 3D model of the initial holder, and the stress, displacement, and safety factor (SF) results were obtained, which confirmed that the original structure had significant lightweight potential. On this basis, the single-factor test method was adopted to conduct parametric sensitivity analysis. The influence weights of key parameters (including sheet thickness, support angle, backplate angle, and heat dissipation hole diameter) on the structural mass, deformation, and safety factor were calculated. Accordingly, 4 core optimization variables were screened out, and their reasonable design intervals were determined. A mathematical model for multi-objective optimization was established, with minimum mass as the optimization objective, and safety factor ranging from 1.2 to 2 and maximum deformation ≤ 2 mm as the constraint conditions. Iterative solution was completed to obtain the optimal parameter combination. Finally, performance verification, functional design, and manufacturability analysis were carried out on the optimized structure. The optimization results show that the mass of the holder is reduced from 0.189 kg to 0.083 kg, with a weight reduction rate of 56.1%. The optimized structure features a maximum deformation of 0.4609 mm and a minimum safety factor of 1.463, which fully meets the design requirements. Meanwhile, the optimized scheme takes into account ergonomic functional requirements such as heat dissipation and charging, and satisfies the manufacturability requirements for mass sheet metal processing. This paper provides a feasible analytical framework and engineering implementation path for the lightweight design and performance optimization of small sheet metal support structures.