马克思与罗尔斯分配正义理论的比较研究

A Comparative Study of Marx’s and Rawls’s Theories of Distributive Justice

摘要: 马克思与罗尔斯作为西方政治哲学传统中探讨正义问题的两位核心思想家，前者以历史唯物主义为基石构建了基于生产关系变革的社会正义理论，后者则通过“无知之幕”的思想实验提出了以公平为核心的现代正义原则。二者在正义的价值基础、历史维度及实现路径等方面的深刻分歧，与在关注社会弱势群体利益、追求人类平等理想等层面的潜在共识，近年来成为政治哲学、伦理学及社会学等多学科交叉研究的焦点议题，受到学界的广泛关注与深入探讨。深入探究罗尔斯和马克思关于分配正义的理论具有至关重要的理论和实践价值。

Abstract: As two core thinkers exploring justice in the tradition of Western political philosophy, Marx constructed a social justice theory based on the transformation of production relations with historical materialism as its cornerstone, while Rawls put forward modern justice principles centered on fairness through the thought experiment of the “veil of ignorance”. The profound differences between the two in terms of the value foundation, historical dimension and realization path of justice, as well as their potential consensus in caring for the interests of socially vulnerable groups and pursuing the ideal of human equality, have become a focal topic of interdisciplinary research in political philosophy, ethics, sociology and other disciplines in recent years, attracting extensive attention and in-depth discussion in academic circles. An in-depth exploration of Rawls’s and Marx’s theories of distributive justice is of crucial theoretical and practical value.