适宜陇南市白龙江流域冬播马铃薯优良品种筛选

Screening of Excellent Winter-Sown Potato Varieties Suitable for the Bailong River Basin in Longnan City

摘要: 为了筛选综合性状优良、适宜在甘肃省陇南市白龙江流域川坝河谷区推广种植的冬播马铃薯品种，解决当前主栽品种存在适应性差、抗病性弱、产量不稳定等问题，在陇南市种子站的指导下，本试验引进共10个马铃薯品种为材料，在陇南市川坝河谷区的典型农田环境下进行田间品种筛选试验。对各品种的生育期、主要农艺性状及产量进行系统观测和测定。试验结果表明，各参试品种在主要性状表现上存在差异。结果表明，冀张薯12号、陇薯10号、希森6号3个品种表现出较强的综合优势，产量分别达34279.35 kg/hm²、33468.75 kg/hm²、32048.25 kg/hm²，较对照增产11.72%、9.07%、4.45%，显著高于其他品种，且生育期适宜，能够较好地适应陇南川坝河谷区的气候与土壤环境。本研究旨在为农户的作物品种选择提供一定的参考依据。

Abstract: To screen winter-sown potato varieties with excellent comprehensive traits suitable for promotion in the plain and valley areas of the Bailong River Basin in Longnan City, Gansu Province, and to address issues such as poor adaptability, weak disease resistance, and unstable yields of current main varieties, this study, under the guidance of the Longnan City Seed Station, introduced 10 potato varieties and conducted a field variety screening trial in typical farmland environments of the plain and valley areas of Longnan City. Observations and measurements were conducted on the growth period, major agronomic traits, and yield of each variety. The results showed that there were differences in the performance of major traits among varieties. The results indicated that the varieties Jizhangshu 12, Longshu 10 and Xisen 6 demonstrated strong comprehensive advantages, with yields reaching 34279.35 kg/hm², 33468.75 kg/hm² and 32048.25 kg/hm², respectively, representing yield increase of 11.72%, 9.07% and 4.45% compared to the control, which were significantly higher than other varieties. Furthermore, they had suitable growth periods and could adapt well to the climate and soil environment of the plain and valley areas in Longnan. This study aims to provide a reference basis for farmers’ variety selection.