基于甲壳素/NiCo₂O₄纳米复合材料构建超级电容器及其性能研究

Construction of Supercapacitors Based on Chitin/NiCo₂O₄ Nanocomposite and Study of Their Performance

摘要: 全球碳中和进程深入推进，新型能源体系加速构建，传统化石能源依赖正被逐步打破。与此同时，随着人类社会对生态环境质量的日益重视以及可持续发展战略的全面落地，节能减排与绿色低碳已成为工业和交通领域发展的硬性指标。研究在160℃下水热反应10 h制得钴酸镍(NiCo₂O₄)，并使用盐酸酸解法制得甲壳素(Ch)，将钴酸镍与甲壳素按质量比1.5:1的比例进行物理复合，得到产物甲壳素/钴酸镍(Ch/NiCo₂O₄)，然后将其与乙炔黑、聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)按质量比8:1:1的比例混合，N-甲基吡咯烷酮作为粘结剂将PVDF溶解并将活性材料粘在一起，形成均匀浆料，将其均匀涂覆在泡沫镍上制备成超级电容器反应电极。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、循环伏安法(CV)、恒电位法(CP)等手段对该材料性能进行表征。研究结果表明，在0.1 A/g的电流密度下，比电容为905.9 F/g，2000次充放电循环后仍保持初始比电容的98%，说明该材料具有优异的性能和循环稳定性。

Abstract: With the in-depth advancement of the global carbon neutrality process and the accelerated construction of a new energy system, the reliance on traditional fossil energy is being gradually broken. Concurrently, the growing emphasis of human society on the quality of the ecological environment and the full implementation of sustainable development strategies have made energy conservation, emission reduction, green and low-carbon development rigid indicators for the progress of the industrial and transportation sectors. In this study, nickel cobaltite (NiCo₂O₄) was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction at 160˚C for 10 hours, and chitin nanocrystals (Ch) were prepared by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis. The two materials were physically compounded at a mass ratio of 1.5:1 (NiCo₂O₄:Ch) to obtain the chitin/nickel cobaltite composite (Ch/NiCo₂O₄). The composite was then mixed with acetylene black and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) at a mass ratio of 8:1:1. N-Methylpyrrolidone is used as a binder solvent to dissolve PVDF and bind the active materials together, forming a uniform slurry, and the mixture was coated on nickel foam to fabricate the reactive electrode for supercapacitors. The performance of the material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry (CP), and other techniques. The results show that the material exhibits a specific capacitance of 905.9 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and retains 98% of its initial specific capacitance after 2000 charge-discharge cycles, indicating that it possesses excellent electrochemical performance and outstanding cyclic stability.