原子精确的银纳米团簇在光催化中的研究进展

Research Progress on Atomically Precise Silver-Based Nanoclusters for Photocatalysis

摘要: 金属纳米团簇因组成明确、结构可解析及电子能级离散等特征，在光催化领域展现出独特优势。近年来，Ag NCs在光催化CO₂还原、析氢、有机转化及污染物降解等反应中取得了显著进展。本文系统综述了原子精确Ag NCs的结构特征、光物理化学性质及其在光催化中的研究进展，重点阐述其由金属核与表面配体构成的原子精确结构及由此产生的量子尺寸效应，分析其在光吸收、载流子分离与迁移以及表面催化反应中的独特优势。在此基础上，归纳了配体调控、异原子掺杂、复合结构构建、界面调控及稳定化设计等性能优化策略，并讨论了Ag NCs在光催化过程中的稳定性问题及相应的稳定化方法。进一步地，本文详细总结了其在光催化CO₂还原、析氢、有机转化及污染物降解等反应中的应用现状，结合典型实例分析其构效关系与作用机制。最后，本文讨论了当前该领域在结构稳定性、可见光利用效率、电荷传输机制及实际应用方面面临的挑战，并对未来发展方向进行了展望。

Abstract: Metal nanoclusters have exhibited unique advantages in photocatalysis owing to their well-defined compositions, structurally resolvable architectures, and discrete electronic energy levels. In recent years, silver-based nanoclusters have achieved remarkable progress in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, hydrogen evolution, organic transformation, and pollutant degradation. This review systematically summarizes the structural characteristics, photophysical and photochemical properties, and recent advances in the photocatalytic applications of atomically precise silver-based nanoclusters. Particular emphasis is placed on their atomically precise structures composed of metal cores and surface ligands, as well as the resulting quantum size effects, and on their unique advantages in light absorption, charge separation and transfer, and surface catalytic reactions. On this basis, various performance optimization strategies, including ligand engineering, heteroatom doping, construction of composite structures, interfacial regulation, and stabilization design, are comprehensively discussed, together with the stability issues of silver-based nanoclusters during photocatalytic processes and the corresponding stabilization approaches. Furthermore, this review provides a detailed overview of their current applications in photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, hydrogen evolution, organic transformation, and pollutant degradation, with representative examples used to elucidate the structure-activity relationships and underlying mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges in this field, including insufficient structural stability, limited visible-light utilization efficiency, unclear charge-transfer mechanisms, and restricted practical applicability, are discussed, and future perspectives are proposed.