来华留学生跨文化适应现状及服务优化研究——基于宁波高校的实证调查

Research on the Current Situation of Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Service Optimization of International Students in China—An Empirical Investigation Based on Universities in Ningbo

摘要: 在全球化的驱动下，宁波高校来华留学生规模持续增长，但跨文化适应难题凸显。本研究采用分层抽样法，选取宁波不同层次高校留学生，从学习、生活、社交、心理四大维度开展实证调查，运用“个体–学校–社会”三维分析框架，结合SPSS等工具量化各影响因素关联路径。研究发现，留学生面临课程适配不足、语言沟通障碍、社交融入困难及心理焦虑等问题，其适应进程受文化差异、学校服务质量、城市包容氛围等多重因素影响。基于此，从个性化管理、沉浸式教学、多方协同机制三方面提出优化策略，构建“高校–社会”协同服务网络，为提升宁波高校留学生培养质量、推动城市国际化发展提供实证支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Driven by globalization, the number of international students in Ningbo’s universities has been steadily growing, yet cross-cultural adaptation challenges have become increasingly prominent. This study adopts a stratified sampling method to select international students from universities of different levels in Ningbo, conducting an empirical investigation covering four core dimensions: learning, daily life, social interaction, and psychological well-being. Using the “individual-school-society” three-dimensional analytical framework, combined with tools such as SPSS and NVivo, the study quantifies the correlation paths of various influencing factors. The research reveals that international students face issues including inadequate curriculum adaptation, language barriers, difficulties in social integration, and psychological anxiety. Their adaptation process is affected by multiple factors such as cultural differences, the quality of university services, and the inclusive atmosphere of the city. Based on these findings, optimization strategies are proposed from three aspects: personalized management, immersive teaching, and a multi-stakeholder collaborative mechanism, aiming to construct a “university-society” coordinated service network. This study provides empirical support and practical references for improving the quality of international student training in Ningbo’s universities and promoting the city’s international development.