三板溪水电站建成前后对锦屏县气候影响分析

Analysis of Climate Impacts on Jinping County before and after the Completion of the Sanbanxi Hydropower Station

摘要: 本研究以贵州省锦屏县三板溪水电站为对象，基于1996~2015年气象数据，分析了三板溪水电站建成前后对当地气候的影响。结果表明：建成后，年平均气温上升0.2℃，四季气温均呈不同程度升高，主要归因于水库水域热容量增加及下垫面性质改变；年降水量总体下降148毫米，受当地稳定盛行风向的影响；空气湿度提升1.4%，水面蒸发量增加60.73毫米，与水域面积扩大及蒸发效应增强密切相关。气候变化对生态环境产生连锁效应，如植被生长条件改变、动物栖息环境调整及水资源管理挑战。研究建议结合长期监测与多学科模型，深入评估水利工程的气候反馈机制，为区域可持续发展提供科学依据。

Abstract: This study takes the Sanbanxi Hydropower Station in Jinping County, Guizhou Province as the research object, and analyzes its impact on the local climate before and after completion based on meteorological data from 1996 to 2015. The results show that after the completion of the hydropower station, the annual average temperature increased by 0.2˚C, with seasonal temperatures rising to varying degrees, mainly due to the increased heat capacity of the reservoir water area and changes in underlying surface properties. Annual precipitation generally decreased by 148 mm, affected by the stable prevailing wind direction in the region. Air humidity increased by 1.4%, and water surface evaporation increased by 60.73 mm, which are closely related to the expansion of water area and enhanced evaporation effect. Climate change has produced cascading effects on the ecological environment, such as altered vegetation growth conditions, adjusted animal habitats, and challenges in water resource management. The study suggests combining long-term monitoring with multidisciplinary models to further evaluate the climate feedback mechanism of water conservancy projects, so as to provide a scientific basis for regional sustainable development.