K. G.帕乌斯托夫斯基短篇小说中递进性并列结构的句法分布与表达特征

Syntactic Distribution and Expression Patterns of Gradational Coordinative Constructions in K. G. Paustovsky’s Short Stories

摘要: 本文以K. G.帕乌斯托夫斯基1929~1961年间创作的50篇短篇小说为语料，采用穷尽式检索、描写分析、语义分类与定量统计相结合的方法，对其中40例递进性并列结构进行系统考察。文章在吸收“80语法”有关递进关系分类的基础上，结合现代俄语递进连词研究成果，从连词类型、句法层级与语义类别三个维度分析语料。研究发现，作家语料中的递进关系明显集中于“较重要概念–较不重要概念”这一类型，占全部用例的95%；递进关系主要通过双部连词не только… но и表达，该连词在全部用例中占70%，具有显著核心地位；递进结构主要分布在简单句同类成分之间，占92.5%，用于并列复合句分句连接和文本中独立句连接的比例明显较低。本文认为，帕乌斯托夫斯基短篇小说中的递进性并列结构具有“句内实现占优、核心连词集中、语义加重突出”的总体特征；其功能并不主要体现为跨句语篇推进，而更集中地表现为句内信息层级调整、描写对象强化与感知范围扩展。这一结果既体现出现代俄语递进连词系统的稳定性，也说明递进性并列结构可以作为文学语言中组织感知层次和强化表达效果的微观句法机制。

Abstract: Using a corpus of 50 short stories written by K. G. Paustovsky between 1929 and 1961, this article conducts a systematic investigation of 40 gradational coordinative constructions. The study combines exhaustive retrieval, descriptive analysis, semantic classification, and quantitative statistics. Drawing on the classification of gradational relations proposed in Russian Grammar (1980) and incorporating findings from modern studies of Russian gradational conjunctions, the analysis is carried out from three perspectives: conjunction type, syntactic level, and semantic category. The results show that gradational relations in the writer’s prose are overwhelmingly concentrated in the type “more important concept vs. less important concept,” which accounts for 95% of all examples. Such relations are expressed primarily by the correlative conjunction не только… но и (“not only… but also”), which constitutes 70% of all instances and occupies a clearly central position in the corpus. Gradational constructions are found predominantly between homogeneous constituents within simple sentences, accounting for 92.5% of the data, whereas their occurrence in compound sentences and in connections between independent sentences at the textual level is considerably more limited. The study argues that gradational coordinative constructions in Paustovsky’s short stories are characterized by a predominance of intra-sentential realization, a strong concentration on one core conjunction, and a marked tendency toward semantic intensification. Functionally, these constructions do not primarily serve cross-sentential discourse progression; rather, they operate as a means of adjusting information hierarchy within the sentence, strengthening descriptive focus, and expanding the range of perception. These findings demonstrate the stability of the system of Russian gradational conjunctions and suggest that gradational coordination can function as a micro-syntactic mechanism for organizing perceptual hierarchy and enhancing expressive effect in literary language.