《论语》中“礼”的俄译多维对比与翻译策略研究

A Multi-Dimensional Comparative Study on the Russian Translation of “Li” in the Analects and Translation Strategies

摘要: “礼”是《论语》中仅次于“仁”的核心概念，其俄译质量直接影响儒家文化在俄传播效果。选取19世纪中叶瓦西里耶夫、20世纪初波波夫及20世纪末贝列罗莫夫的三部代表性《论语》俄译本，结合俄语权威词典释义，按“礼”的四重内涵(伦理秩序、仪式典礼、行为规范、仁礼统一)进行对比分析。研究发现，瓦西里耶夫多用церемония，侧重仪式性；波波夫灵活采用вежливость、правило等词，便于读者理解，却弱化了社会伦理内涵；贝列罗莫夫以ритуал为主，用注释补充，兼顾了文化本源与伦理规范，但仍未完全涵盖“礼”多维内涵。研究表明，对于“礼”这类文化负载词，单一译法难以完整传达其多重内涵。基于上述分析，引入归化与异化理论，提出“差异化翻译 + 音译注释”的双轨策略，即在具体语境中选用语义匹配的俄语词，在核心哲学层面保留音译ли并加注阐释，以期为儒家核心概念的精准跨文化传播提供语言学参照。

Abstract: “Li” (ritual propriety) is a core concept in The Analects, second only to “Ren” (benevolence). The quality of its Russian translation directly influences the dissemination of Confucian culture in Russia. This study selects three representative Russian translations of The Analects from the mid‑19th century (Vasilyev), the early 20th century (Popov), and the late 20th century (Perelomov). Based on definitions from authoritative Russian dictionaries, it conducts a comparative analysis according to the four dimensions of “Li”: ethical order, ceremonial rites, behavioral norms, and the unity of Ren and Li. The findings reveal that Vasilyev predominantly uses “церемония”, emphasizing formality; Popov flexibly employs terms such as “вежливость” and “правило”, which facilitate reader comprehension but weaken the social and ethical connotations; Perelomov primarily uses “ритуал” supplemented with annotations, balancing cultural origins with ethical norms, yet still falls short of encompassing the full multidimensionality of “Li”. The study shows that for culture‑loaded terms like “Li”, no single translation can fully convey its multiple connotations. Based on these findings and drawing on the theories of domestication and foreignization, this study proposes a dual‑track strategy of “differentiated translation + transliteration with annotations”, i.e., selecting semantically appropriate Russian equivalents in specific contexts while retaining the transliterated “ли” with explanatory notes at the philosophical level, in order to provide linguistic references for the accurate cross‑cultural dissemination of core Confucian concepts.