电针治疗脑梗死后遗症的临床研究进展

Progress in Clinical Research on Electroacupuncture Treatment for Cerebral Infarction Sequelae

摘要: 脑梗死是全球第二大死亡原因和首要致残性疾病，每年约有1400万人罹患脑卒中。约75%遗留不同程度的运动、语言、吞咽或认知功能障碍，40%发展为重度残疾，不仅严重影响患者生活质量，更给家庭和社会带来沉重照护压力与经济负担。现代康复技术虽为脑梗死后遗症功能恢复的主要治疗方法，但存在设备依赖、个体化不足、长期疗效减弱等局限，且基层地区的技术普及性显著偏低。电针作为传统针刺与现代脉冲电刺激的结合疗法，近些年在脑梗死后遗症治疗中的应用日益广泛。本文系统综述了近年电针治疗脑梗死后遗症的临床研究进展，从运动功能障碍、吞咽障碍、认知功能障碍等常见后遗症类型出发，分析电针治疗的疗效及作用机制，旨在为临床实践提供参考。

Abstract: Cerebral infarction is the second leading cause of death and the primary disabling disease globally, with approximately 14 million people suffering from stroke annually. About 75% of survivors experience varying degrees of motor, language, swallowing, or cognitive dysfunction, and 40% develop severe disabilities, which not only severely affect patients’ quality of life but also impose heavy caregiving pressures and economic burdens on families and society. Although modern rehabilitation techniques are the primary treatment methods for functional recovery after cerebral infarction sequelae, they have limitations such as equipment dependence, insufficient individualization, and diminished long-term efficacy, and the accessibility of these techniques in grassroots areas is significantly low. Electroacupuncture, a combined therapy of traditional acupuncture and modern pulse electrical stimulation, has been increasingly used in the treatment of cerebral infarction sequelae in recent years. This article systematically reviews the recent clinical research progress of electroacupuncture in the treatment of cerebral infarction sequelae, focusing on common sequelae types such as motor dysfunction, swallowing disorders, and cognitive dysfunction, and analyzes the efficacy and mechanism of action of electroacupuncture treatment, aiming to provide a reference for clinical practice.