贵阳市老年患者健康意识与社会疏离现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of Health Awareness and Social Isolation Status and Influencing Factors among Elderly Patients in Guiyang

摘要: 目的：探讨贵阳市老年患者健康意识与社会疏离的现状及影响因素。方法：采用横断面调查设计，于2025年6~8月随机抽取贵阳市5家医院的394例老年患者。使用一般资料调查表、老年人移动医疗服务使用行为影响因素测量量表、社会疏离感量表及心理资本量表进行问卷调查，并对数据进行分析。结果：研究对象的健康意识总分为12.25 ± 2.43分；社会疏离总分为27.82 ± 5.09分；心理资本总分为51.84 ± 7.46分。心理资本各维度得分及总分与健康意识显著正相关(P < 0.05)、与社会疏离显著负相关(P < 0.001)。回归分析显示，社会活动参与频率(β = 0.198, P < 0.001)及心理资本(β = 0.128, P < 0.05)是健康意识的影响因素；社会活动参与频率(β = −0.180, P < 0.001)、家庭居住面积(β = −0.106, P < 0.05)及心理资本(β = −0.227, P < 0.001)是社会疏离的影响因素。结论：贵阳市老年患者健康意识水平良好，但存在社会疏离风险。鼓励社会参与、改善居住条件并重点培育心理资源，可能是增强健康意识、缓解社会疏离的有效途径。

Abstract: Objective: To explore the current status and influencing factors of elder patients’ health awareness and social isolation in Guiyang. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 394 elderly patients, who were randomly selected from five hospitals in Guiyang between June and August 2025. Using general information questionnaires, influencing factors of mobile medical service usage behavior for the elderly scale, social alienation scale, psychological capital questionnaire. Data were subsequently analyzed. Results: The total health awareness score among the study participants was 12.25 ± 2.43 points. The total social isolation score was 27.82 ± 5.09 points, and the total psychological capital score was 51.84 ± 7.46 points. Scores on each dimension of psychological capital were significantly positively correlated with health awareness (P < 0.05) and significantly negatively correlated with social isolation (P < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that frequency of social activity participation (β = 0.198, P < 0.001) and psychological capital (β = 0.128, P < 0.05) were influential factors of health awareness. Frequency of social activity participation (β = −0.180, P < 0.001), family living area (β = −0.106, P < 0.05), and psychological capital (β = −0.227, P < 0.001) were influential factors of social isolation. Conclusion: The health awareness of elderly patients in Guiyang is relatively high, but there is a risk of social isolation. Encouraging social participation, improving living conditions, and cultivating psychological resources may be effective strategies to enhance health awareness and mitigate social isolation.