版权集中形势下数字版权产业发展的困境及出路

The Predicament and Solution of the Development of the Digital Copyright Industry under the Concentrated Copyright Situation

摘要: 数字平台的市场角逐中，作品成为了争夺的资源和竞争的力量。数字平台“版权集中”限制了作品的传播与再次创新，使版权产业陷入“版权封闭”的困境中。版权产业脆弱的内在调节机制无法抵御版权集中带来的外部冲击。现行法律规制措施并不能有效解决数字平台集中版权对数字版权产业带来的困境。著作权法规制的效果仅体现在鼓励创新和维护公共利益的底线之上，反垄断规制措施保障的是市场竞争利益，均无法及时有效解决版权产业面临的困境。面对版权集中的冲击，应当构建多层次、协调配合的规制路径。应当在版权产业内部形成一套民主决策、政府监督、详细科学的集体管理制度。引入“版权集中申报”审查制度，公权力介入审查版权集中对版权产业的影响，有效遏制危及公共利益的集中。法律划定数字平台滥用版权的红线，建立以“高效利用作品、促进创新发展”为目的的授权机制。

Abstract: In the market competition of digital platforms, works have become the resources to be contested and the force of competition. The “concentration of copyright” on digital platforms has restricted the dissemination and re-innovation of works, leading the copyright industry into a predicament of “copyright closure”. The fragile internal regulatory mechanism of the copyright industry is unable to withstand the external impact brought by the concentration of copyright. The current legal regulatory measures are ineffective in addressing the predicament faced by the digital copyright industry due to the concentration of copyright on digital platforms. The effect of copyright law regulation is only reflected in encouraging innovation and maintaining the bottom line of public interests, while anti-monopoly regulatory measures safeguard market competition interests. Neither can effectively and promptly solve the predicament faced by the copyright industry. In the face of the impact of copyright concentration, a multi-level and coordinated regulatory path should be constructed. A democratic decision-making, government supervised, detailed and scientific collective management system should be formed within the copyright industry. A “copyright concentration declaration” review system should be introduced, with public power intervening to review the impact of copyright concentration on the copyright industry, effectively curbing the concentration that endangers public interests. The law should set a red line for the abuse of copyright by digital platforms and establish an authorization mechanism aimed at “efficient utilization of works and promotion of innovative development”.