劳动力跨区域流动的困境与社会保险体系调适研究——以宁夏为例

Dilemmas of Cross-Regional Labor Mobility and the Adaptation of the Social Insurance System—A Case Study of Ningxia

摘要: 城镇化持续推进，劳动力携家属跨地域迁居逐渐成为人口迁徙主流趋势。选取宁夏作为地域研究样本，结合人口迁移规律、保障衔接规则及地域融入逻辑，梳理人群跨地域迁徙的形成缘由、现实阻碍以及社保制度的优化方向。地域人口迁徙呈现全家定居的整体特征，生活诉求、薪资提升、地域发展差距共同推动人口向外流动，日常办事流程繁琐、从业模式固化、综合素养薄弱、生活设施欠缺、保障机制割裂等现实问题长期存在，为西部同类地域完善人口流动配套服务，完善保障制度与基础公共服务建设补充理论依据与实践思路。

Abstract: With the continuous advancement of urbanization, cross-regional migration of laborers accompanied by their families has increasingly become the dominant trend in population mobility. Taking Ningxia as a regional case, this study integrates patterns of population migration, mechanisms of social insurance portability, and the dynamics of regional integration to systematically examine the driving forces, practical constraints, and institutional optimization pathways associated with cross-regional labor mobility. The findings indicate that population migration in the region exhibits a pronounced family-based settlement pattern, driven primarily by livelihood needs, wage differentials, and disparities in regional development. Meanwhile, persistent challenges remain, including cumbersome administrative procedures, rigid employment structures, limited human capital, inadequate public service provision, and fragmented social security systems. This study aims to provide both theoretical support and practical insights for improving supporting services for population mobility, as well as for enhancing social insurance coordination and public service infrastructure in similar western regions of China.