基于数字孪生的工程机械液压系统故障诊断教学设计新路径

A New Teaching Design Path for Fault Diagnosis of Construction Machinery Hydraulic Systems Based on Digital Twin

摘要: 在工程机械数智化转型背景下，液压系统故障诊断因机理复杂、实训受限、技能迁移难成为高等职业教育教学中的核心痛点。本文以TPACK模型和沉浸理论为支撑，创新构建“机理可视化建模–梯度化故障仿真–虚实闭环交互–多维精准评价”四阶教学设计框架。创新数字孪生实训平台，设计“认知–实践–内化–提升”分层任务体系。该思路为破解传统教学“机理难可视化、故障难复现、能力难量化”困境，提供了可复制、可推广的新路径。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the digital and intelligent transformation of construction machinery, fault diagnosis of hydraulic systems has emerged as a core challenge in higher vocational education, primarily due to its complex mechanisms, limited hands-on training opportunities, and difficulties in skill transfer. Guided by the TPACK model and immersion theory, this paper innovatively constructs a four-stage teaching design framework, namely “mechanism visualization modeling, gradient fault simulation, virtual-real closed-loop interaction, and multidimensional precise evaluation”. A digital twin-based practical training platform is developed, accompanied by a hierarchical task system structured as “cognition - practice - internalization- advancement”. This approach provides a replicable and scalable solution to address the long-standing teaching dilemmas in conventional education, including “difficult-to-visualize mechanisms, hard-to-reproduce faults, and unquantifiable competencies”.