明胶中间层辅助反向界面聚合制备陶瓷支撑聚酰胺纳滤膜及其性能研究
Ceramic-Supported Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes via Gelatin Interlayer-Assisted Reverse Interfacial Polymerization
摘要: 纳滤膜技术在水处理、资源回收和脱盐等领域具有重要应用价值，其中陶瓷基纳滤膜因其优异的机械强度、化学稳定性和耐高温性能而备受关注。传统正向界面聚合(IP)工艺中，水相单体易渗入强亲水性陶瓷孔道内发生过度聚合，形成导致高传质阻力的“栓塞”结构，导致通量降低；同时，有机–无机界面相容性差极易引发分离层剥离脱落。反向界面聚合(RIP)虽有利于构建超薄、高通量的分离层，却面临超亲水陶瓷表面反应界面不稳定、油相层极易被水相冲刷破坏等严峻挑战。针对上述界面失稳与结合力差的难题，本文提出了一种以明胶为中间层，通过反向界面聚合法制备了聚酰胺(PA)薄膜复合纳滤膜的新型方法。通过改变明胶的浓度、沉积时间、固化时间、水相中PIP的浓度、界面聚合反应时间和后处理温度，使薄膜复合膜的纳滤性能得到了调整。研究发现，优化后的复合纳滤膜(明胶浓度2.0% (w/v)，沉积20 min，PIP浓度1.0 wt%，后处理温度60℃)对MgCl2的截留率可达83.56%，渗透通量高达22.77 LMH/bar。盐溶液截留率依次为MgCl2 > MgSO4 > Na2SO4，证明该膜带正电。此外，该复合膜对阳离子染料的去除率高达98.9%。通过采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和水接触角测量，对所制备膜的物理和化学特性进行了表征。此外，还通过各种稳定性实验研究了所制备的明胶支撑聚酰胺复合膜的稳定性能，在测试期间性能保持稳定，MgCl2截留率维持在~83%。本文提出的这种新的纳滤膜制备方法，所获得的膜在海水淡化和染料废水回收方面具有广泛的应用前景。
Abstract: Nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology holds significant application value in water treatment, resource recovery, desalination, and related fields. Ceramic-based nanofiltration membranes, in particular, have attracted considerable attention due to their superior mechanical strength, chemical stability, and high-temperature resistance. In conventional forward interfacial polymerization (IP), the aqueous monomer tends to infiltrate the pores of highly hydrophilic ceramic substrates, leading to excessive polymerization and the formation of a “plugging” structure that induces high mass transfer resistance, thereby reducing permeance. Moreover, poor organic-inorganic interfacial compatibility readily causes detachment of the separation layer. Although reverse interfacial polymerization (RIP) is favorable for constructing an ultrathin, high-permeance separation layer, it faces severe challenges such as unstable reaction interfaces on superhydrophilic ceramic surfaces and the easy disruption of the oil layer by the aqueous phase. To address these issues of interfacial instability and poor adhesion, this work proposes a novel approach for fabricating polyamide (PA) thin-film composite nanofiltration membranes using gelatin as an interlayer via reverse interfacial polymerization. The nanofiltration performance of the thin film composite membrane was adjusted by changing the concentration of gelatin, deposition time, curing time, concentration of piperazine (PIP) in the aqueous phase, interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction time, and IP post-treatment temperature. Research has shown that the optimized composite NF membrane (Gelatin concentration 2.0% (w/v), deposition time 20 min, PIP concentration 1.0 wt%, post-treatment temperature 60˚C) demonstrated the rejection rate of MgCl2 was up to 83.56%, and the permeability was up to 22.77 LMH/bar. The rejection rates of salt solutions were in the order of MgCl2 > MgSO4 > Na2SO4, which proved that the membranes were positively charged. In addition, the removal rate of cationic dyes was up to 98.9% for the PA NF membranes. Furthermore, the stability properties of the prepared gelatin-supported polyamide composite membranes were investigated by various stability experiments. During testing, the membrane maintained stable performance with a MgCl2 rejection rate consistently around 83%. The membranes obtained by this new fabrication method exhibit broad application prospects in seawater desalination and dye wastewater recovery.
文章引用：毛云庆, 高能文. 明胶中间层辅助反向界面聚合制备陶瓷支撑聚酰胺纳滤膜及其性能研究[J]. 化学工程与技术, 2026, 16(3): 234-249. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2026.163023

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