唯物史观视域下马克思的历史主体性思想探析

An Analysis of Marx’s Thought on Historical Subjectivity from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

摘要: 在唯物史观的视域下，马克思的历史主体性思想以现实的人及其物质生产实践为基石，实现了对德国古典哲学抽象主体性理论的批判性继承，更构建起唯物、能动、辩证地把握历史发展规律与推动现实世界变革的理论根基，为破解历史主体性的时代命题提供了科学的方法论指引。现实的人颠覆了从抽象人性解释历史的唯心主义历史观，为科学分析社会结构、阶级斗争和人类解放提供了坚实基础。它不是对人性的静态描述，而是对人类存在方式的动态的历史性分析。

Abstract: From the perspective of historical materialism, Marx’s theory of historical subjectivity is based on real individuals and their material productive activities. Through critically inheriting the abstract subjectivity in German classical philosophy, it establishes a materialist, dynamic and dialectical foundation for understanding historical laws and transforming reality, offering a scientific methodology for contemporary issues of historical subjectivity. By replacing the idealist view of history centered on abstract human nature, the concept of real human beings provides a solid basis for analyzing social structure, class struggle and human emancipation as a dynamic historical account of human existence, rather than a static interpretation of human nature.